|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:00:12 GMT -5
www.baptistbiblebelievers.com/OTStudies/39KeystotheOldTestamentbyWilliamOrr/tabid/174/Default.aspx
Key to GENESIS 1. STATISTICS: Name means "beginnings" or "originations." Writer is law-giver Moses (Exodus 17:14; Deuteronomy 31:24); time of writing approximately 1500 B.C. Genesis is first of Pentateuch (meaning five books); place of writing, undoubtedly in wilderness. It is fourth largest book in Bible; covers more than 2,500 years of human history. 2. THEME: Genesis depicts the first chapter of life. Here is the true story of how all things began. Here is the stately portal to the grand structure of the Holy Scriptures. Here is man's introduction to the magnificence of GOD Almighty. Here is the sad story of the introduction of sin. 3. OUTLINE: Creation (1, 2) Deluge (6-9) Fall (3, 4) Nations (10, 11) Patriarchs (5) Abraham (12-25) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Here is a book of simple, direct honesty. There is no hesitation, no supposition, no apology. These are GOD's facts. The opening verse is a masterpiece of all literature. Countless volumes have been written about these ten words. Where is another such statement? Genesis is unique for its portrayal of beginnings. Everything we know had its start here. The book is eclectic. Choosing to tell mainly of the history of one family, Abraham; one nation, Israel, it passes by the story of many nations. Isaac (21-27) Jacob (25-36) Joseph (37-50) 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: GOD had no beginning. He pre-existed all creation. The fact of sin is a solemn reality. The entire human race is included in the Fall. GOD is greatly concerned with man's redemption. His first act after the Fall was to provide coats of skins. A horrible example of the depravity of man is the cold-blooded murder of Abel. Mankind, left to himself for several thousand years, became so depraved there was no remedy left except death for all (Flood) and a new start with Noah. The judgment of the Tower of Babel is a logical answer to the problem of where the nations of the world began. The GOD of eternity found pleasure in the fellowship of a man made of earthy clay. Abraham became the "friend of GOD" on the basis of his faith (chapter 15). Joseph is the Bible's greatest type of the coming SAVIOUR in more than 100 different analogies. 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: Genesis 1:1 thoroughly refutes: atheism, pantheism, polytheism, materialism and agnosticism. It is possible that 25 million people perished in the Flood. Genesis does not tell the date of creation. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: Genesis is cold, sober fact. Read it and believe it at face value. Recognize that all truth found later in the Bible has its roots here. ~ end of Genesis
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:01:12 GMT -5
Key to EXODUS 1. STATISTICS: Some 30 years elapsed between Genesis and Exodus. The Children of Israel increased exceedingly to 3,000,000 souls. A change in the reigning dynasty sentenced them to cruel slavery. Exodus tells the story of their "going out." Writer is Moses (24:4) and time covered is about 80 years from his birth. 2. THEME: The theme is threefold: the faithfulness, the power, the wisdom of GOD. First, GOD was faithful to His promises to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. So, by His power, He opened the iron gates of Egypt. When Sinai was reached, GOD provided an infinitely wise law by which the Children of Israel were to live. 3. OUTLINE: Preparation for deliverance (1-13) Priesthood (28, 29) Journey to Sinai (14-19) Idolatry (32, 33) Laws given (20 - 24) Covenant (34) Tabernacle (25 - 27; 30, 31) Tabernacle erection (35-40) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: This book breathes the presence of GOD. He was aware of the plight of His people and did something about it. Exodus is particularly the book of a great servant of GOD, Moses. Here is a man who talked with GOD face to face. The Mosaic Law is GOD's highest for His people. It is heavenly wisdom simplified for earthly living. The Israelites' journey to the Promised Land has become a giant object lesson for the Christian life today. Here began the sad story (chapter 32) of man's failure which was repeated continually in Israel's history. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: Moses' life was divided into three periods: 40 years in schools of Egypt; 40 years in school of GOD (tending sheep in the desert); 40 years in service. At the end of his life he was still strong and able (Deuteronomy 34:7). The ten plagues were directed against the Egyptian government, but were also a demonstration against the gods of Egypt. For instance, the first two plagues showed JEHOVAH superior to the god of the Nile; the third against the earthgod Seb and the priests who could not officiate with lice upon them. The Israelites could not be delivered until they came "under the blood" of the Passover. This is the central fact in GOD's relationship and a continual reminder of sin and need for cleansing. GOD immediately took up His residence among His people. They could see the sign of His presence in the pillar of fire and cloud. The Ten Commandments are given as an epitome of the law, easily taught and easily remembered. 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: Exodus begins the original "Pilgrim's Progress." How much manna was required for 40 years? (16:15) Note how meticulous GOD is about details - (Hebrews 8:5). 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: Exodus is geographically and historically accurate; believe it entirely. However, its main value today is to take the experiences, trials, and deliverances and apply them to the Christian life. ~ end of Exodus
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:01:56 GMT -5
Key to LEVITICUS 1. STATISTICS: Third in series of five (Pentateuch) by the same writer, Moses (Romans 10:5). Name means "pertaining to or concerning the Levites." These were members of the Tribe of Levi, especially set aside for the work of GOD. Time written, at Sinai. Time involved, one month or less. Type of book, possibly an instruction manual for priests. 2. THEME: In view of the infinite holiness of GOD, how can sinful man approach and walk before Him? There is an approach and it is by way of sacrifice. There is a life and it is by way of separation. All this is taught by sacrifices, feasts, tabernacle and laws. 3. OUTLINE: Offerings (1-7) Warnings of sin (18-22) Priests' consecration (8, 9) Feasts described (23-25) Nadab and Abihu (10) Obedience (26) Purity of life (11-15) Vows, tithes (27) Day of Atonement (16,17) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: GOD counts worship important. To fail is to sin (19:2). The number "seven" is emphasized: the seventh day, the seventh year, the year of Jubilee (7 x 7), etc. Leviticus named specific horrible sins. Frankness was necessary because these things were being practiced by iniquitous neighbors. Priesthood was definitely a part of Old Testament system. In the New, CHRIST is High Priest, all believers priests (I Peter 2:9). 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: The priests were an integral part of GOD's plan for Israel. Provision was made for their support through portions of the offerings, and through tithes. The rest of the Levites were assistants to the priests. They became teachers, scribes, musicians, judges, officers. GOD sent swift death to two sons of Aaron (10:1, 2). Their sin was that of professional presumption. They entered where they should not, and with fire not taken from the altar. GOD cannot allow carelessness in divine things. GOD required capital punishment for many crimes. Many offenses were punishable with death including: murder, kidnapping, negligence, cursing a parent, idolatry, etc. (see chapters 19, 20). In 19:18 we have one of the high points of the law. Generally considered to be a New Testament truth, the Israelite was commanded, "Love thy neighbor as thyself." Tremendous wisdom was exhibited in the Law. Many provisions reveal that GOD desired His children to love Him and to love one another. When they did this, He would care for their temporal needs. The great day of the year was the Day of Atonement (chapter 16). At this time the high priest entered the Holy of Holies to make atonement for the sins of the people. 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: The yearly feasts partook of the nature of holidays. Everyone had three vacations yearly, an entire year off every seven, and once in a lifetime the year of Jubilee was tremendous rejoicing. Slavery was not forbidden but hedged with humane considerations. Every 50 years all the land reverted to its original owners. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: If GOD gave a law to US today, this would be it. All its provisions are divinely suited to human needs. Some of your greatest blessings here are to relate these earthly laws to spiritual truths, as the Day of Atonement represents Calvary. ~ end of Leviticus
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:02:48 GMT -5
Key to NUMBERS 1. STATISTICS: Moses is the writer; Numbers is fourth in his series of five books; written about 1500 B.C.; covers approximately 40 years; key verse 33:1; takes its name from two numberings of the people; tells of progress from Sinai to borders of the Promised Land. 2. THEME: Numbers is a book of instructions and action; its instruction is like Leviticus, its action like Exodus. Essentially, it tells the story of the journeyings of the Israelites from Sinai to Kadesh and after 38 years of useless wanderings, on to the plains of Moab by the borders of the land. 3. OUTLINE: Three main divisions: (1) Laws given while at Sinai (1-10); (2) Journey to Kadesh (11-21); (3) Camping at Moab (22-36). 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Numbers tells of a 11-day journey which took 40 years. It is a book of "numberings" but also "murmurings" (7 times). Our admiration of the man Moses rises to great heights. Here is truly a spiritual giant (14:11-20). This was a case where the majority were dead wrong (13:26-33). Two census counts were taken, one at the beginning of the 38 years of wandering and the other at the close. Result: no gain whatsoever. 1200 men died monthly in the wandering years. Balaam's doctrine (Revelation 2:14; Numbers 25:1-8) of fraternization with the world is exceedingly dangerous to the people of GOD. Here GOD slew 24,000. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: The 38 years of shame GOD counts a blank. There is no record, no progress, no increase. GOD passes them by. GOD was grieved at the unreasoning unbelief of the people (Psalm 95:10), but nevertheless turned the years into preparation for the future. Boys grew to men, ready and trained for the rigors of war. One of the greatest types (object lessons) of the Bible is in 21:5-9. Our LORD used this as an illustration in his conversation with Nicodemus (John 3:14). The command to destroy the inhabitants of Canaan was a divine one (33:51-56). GOD's love has teeth in it. It would have been impossible for Israel to be pure in the midst of such wickedness. Balaam was an example of a servant of GOD among the Gentiles. His life was a warning to others of GOD's servants. For the love of earthly gain, he sold out. Our book records his untimely death (31:8). It pays to serve GOD faithfully. Consider Caleb and Joshua who were allowed to live while 600,000 others died. 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: A beautiful intercessory prayer (14:11-20). One of the loveliest benedictions in the Bible (6:24-26). GOD keeps books (14:22). Word "number" used 125 times in this book. Israel wins a battle with Midian without a single casualty. A lot of quail in 11:31. A miracle in the botanical realm (17:8). 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: You could change the whole miserable character of this disappointing book if you could substitute "trust" for unbelief. Let this be a lesson to all of us. ~ end of Numbers ~
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:05:21 GMT -5
Key to DEUTERONOMY 1. STATISTICS: Deuteronomy is the fifth book in the Pentateuch. Writer is Moses who did not complete it until just before his death. Time of writing 1500 B.C. Actual time covered is one month, but review is made of past 40 years. Place of writing at southeast entrance into Promised Land. Key verses, 11:26-28. Name, means "second" or "reiterated" Law, i.e., stating the Law with a view of its usage in the land. 2. THEME: Deuteronomy was Moses' magnificent valedictory. It looked back over the important events of the past 40 years, and forward to the glorious victories of the future. The underlying strain concerned GOD's faithfulness and the challenge was to trust Him and go forward. 3. OUTLINE: Review and warnings (1-4) Possible blessings and curses (27-30) Reminders of the Covenant (5-11) Moses' farewell (31-34) Warnings about future (12-26) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: The entire book is composed of Moses' words. Speeches were made eloquent by the Spirit of GOD for Moses had admitted he could not speak (Exodus 4:10-13). As literature, the book is magnificent, classed with Genesis, Psalms and Isaiah. The writer's poetic nature is demonstrated in his "national anthem" of chapter 32. See also Exodus 15; Psalm 90. There are two great prophetic sections: 18:15-19; 28-30. Emphasis of the book is a stern review of moral laws. Temptations were just ahead. A new generation had grown up. Nowhere in the Pentateuch until here do we read of the love of GOD. Note here the emphasis: 4:37; 7:7,8; 10:15. The word "remember" is necessarily prominent, occurring 18 times. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: The central chapter is 27. Here is condensed for public recitation an epitome of the LORD's requirements. The Decalogue (10 commandments) is repeated in chapter 5. Most of the present host would dimly remember the "thunderings and lightnings" of Sinai 40 years before. The importance of daily, ceaseless training of children is emphasized in chapter 6. The necessity of complete extermination of the wicked people of the land of Canaan is detailed in chapter 7. The reason was so that GOD's people might not be corrupted. Moses was not allowed to enter the land because of his sin (32:51); yet fourteen centuries later we do find him in the land at the scene of the transfiguration of CHRIST (Matthew 17:3). Provisions were made for the continual reading of the Law (31:9-13) after Moses' death, also, for the recording of the Law in plaster, on Mt. Ebal "very plainly" (27:2-4; Joshua 8:30-32). When the nation heeded the Law they prospered. When they neglected it, they suffered. 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: Specific military rules in chapter 20. GOD believes in punishment, but not in bitter cruelty (25:1-3). A good test for false prophets (18:20-22). Chapter 33 is similar to Genesis 49. Read and note the spiritual foresight of Moses as he described the centuries of wandering of the Jews in 28:63-68. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: You will best understand Deuteronomy after you have read the first four books. Then, in your imagination stand with Moses and look back, and forward. This book lives! ~ end of Deuteronomy ~
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:06:11 GMT -5
Key to JOSHUA 1. STATISTICS: Writer, Joshua (24:26); written about 1425 B.C.; time covered about 25 years; type of book, historical; Joshua lived to be 110; key verse 1:8; key thought, possession. 2. THEME: Joshua is a book of progress, conquest, possession, and systematic division of the land. With a new leader, there were new experiences, new victories, new attainments and new problems. But GOD's guidance, GOD's power, and GOD's encouragement were the same. Joshua is the chief personage. 3. OUTLINE: Conquest (1-12) Joshua's farewell (23, 24) Settlement of the land (13-22) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Joshua is a book of action and corresponds to the challenges, victories and thrills of the Christian life. These events in Joshua demonstrate great principles: the rite of circumcision at Gilgal (chapter 5), the necessity for separation; the memorials (chapter 4), a sign of remembrance of GOD's miracles. Joshua's dependence upon the books of Moses was demonstrated: Compare Joshua 14:1-4 with Numbers 34:13,14; Joshua 13:11 with Numbers 32:37; Joshua 21 with Numbers 35. GOD's man, Moses, was gone, but GOD's work went on under GOD's new leader, Joshua. Here is a commander, Joshua, who was evidently reared in the brick factories, or iron foundries of Egypt. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: The fact that GOD goes before His people is demonstrated in the fear He had put into the hearts of the Canaanites preparatory to the conquest (2:10, 11). The unbelievable grace of GOD is shown in the inclusion of Rahab, a harlot, into the Messianic line of CHRIST (Matthew 1:5). While the land had been already "given" to Israel (Genesis 15:18-21), still it was necessary that they go in and possess it. As they did GOD gave the victory. The slaughter of the Canaanites (6:21; 10:28) was by GOD's direct command. This was absolutely necessary to cleanse the land for the occupation of GOD's chosen people, and entirely justifiable, for GOD had given 400 extra years for their repentance. (Genesis 15:16). Victory at Jericho was by complete observance of GOD's directions, defeat at Ai due to disobedience, and that of one man. The Tabernacle was set up at Shiloh for the gathering place of the Tribes to worship the LORD. Later, David made Jerusalem the religious center of the people. The vindication of the minority report of the spies (Numbers 14:6-10) was amply demonstrated in the complete conquest of the land. The distribution "by lot" (Numbers 33:54) evidently allowed GOD's hand to be present and recognized in the tribal divisions. The miracle of the sun standing still, and of the great hailstones in the battle of Gibeon was entirely in keeping with the events which had been happening since Israel left Egypt. 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: Three campaigns result in seven nations with 31 kings defeated by Israel and Joshua (chapter 12). Joshua's name appears in the Tel-el-Amarna tablets found in Egypt. JESUS was baptized 1400 years later, probably near where Joshua crossed the Jordan. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: GOD's people made great advances under the leadership of a man named Joshua. GOD's people today may do the same under our Joshua (Jesus). Take this book literally, but do not fail to apply its spiritual lessons to your own life. ~ end of Joshua
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:07:22 GMT -5
Key to JUDGES 1. STATISTICS: Writer possibly the prophet, Samuel. Time covered approximately 305 years. Key verse, 17:6. Key thought, disorganization and misgovernment. Key characteristics, unbelief and fickleness on the part of the people. Type of book, history. 2. THEME: Judges is a tersely written account of repeated spiritual failures on the part of Israel. The period may be comprehended as: apostasy, punishment, repentance, deliverance. The root of the problem is countenanced idolatry, introduced by pagan neighbors. The judges were really deliverers, raised up by GOD for the emergency, who stayed to "judge." 3. OUTLINE: Reason for judges (1:1-3:4) Story of 12 judges (3:5-16:31) Resultant instances of anarchy (17-21) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Joshua is a book of victory; Judges a book of defeats. There were seven apostasies, seven oppressions by seven nations, seven deliverances. While faith and obedience pulled down the walls of Jericho, unbelief and disobedience enslaved Israel for 300 years. The divine estimation of the cause is given in 2:11-19. Read in connection 21:25. Much is learned from the omissions of the book. There is no mention of the Tabernacle, only once is the High Priest named (20:28), no reference to reading the Law of GOD, no expressions of praise to GOD for His continued goodness. Emphasis is on the tribes, not the united nation. In Judges, GOD seems to stand and wait as the Israelites demonstrate their inability to independently care for themselves. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: The sin of Israel in Judges was rooted in the failure to carry out completely the instructions of GOD (Deuteronomy 7:1-6). So the pagans in their midst became a snare and temptation for them to forsake the true GOD and to serve idolatrous gods. The Judges who GOD raised up were not men of exceptional ability as Moses and Joshua. They performed their part and died. Evidently, there was no line of succession. Nor was there any expressed desire on Israel's part for a great leader for the nation. Both men and tribes seemed intent only on personal success or possessions. The greatest of the judges was Gideon. He was called at a time of national emergency. His recruited army of 32,000 was whittled down to a pitiful 300 and then given no weapons. But never in all history was there a greater victory. Gideon's exploits are referred to in Psalm 83:9, 10; Isaiah 9:4; 10:26; Hebrews 11:32. His "fleece" episode is an encouragement to all GOD's children. Samson's victories were all personal. By himself he injected terror into Philistia and courage into Israel. But he lacked the statesmanship of Samuel or the spiritual apperception of David. His great problem was to conquer himself, his appetites and passions. Yet he had faith in GOD and is immortalized in Hebrews 11:32. 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: We might call Judges the "dark ages" of the Israelitish people. A sad recital of "neither did's" is in 1:27-36. Jephthah's vow led to his daughter remaining a virgin throughout her life. Deborah's song (chapter 5) is a beautiful song of victory. Two great women, Deborah and Jael, inspire men for victory. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: Here is overwhelming proof (seven times) that children of GOD just cannot live successfully by "doing what is right in their own eyes." We must look to GOD, and rely upon the instruments of grace He has given: Bible, prayer, worship, leadership. ~ end of Judges
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:08:40 GMT -5
Key to RUTH 1. STATISTICS: Ruth, a pastoral idyl taking place in the time of the judges (approx. 1325 B.C.); time covered, about ten years; writer, Samuel, the prophet; key thought, "Redemption;" key verse 4:14. 2. THEME: While the nation disobeyed GOD and was punished, still GOD was wonderfully faithful to individuals who called upon Him in their need. An "outsider" Ruth, who sought the LORD with her whole heart, illustrates the grace of GOD which not only made up the deficit caused by sin, but exalted her to an unbelievably high place of privilege and honor. 3. OUTLINE: Ruth deciding (1) Ruth resting (3) Ruth serving (2) Ruth rewarded (4) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Highly typical: Boaz typifies Christ, Ruth the Church, Moab the world, Bethlehem the fellowship of GOD, etc. Moab, an idolatrous nation, worshiped Chemosh, sacrificing children. Moab and Israel had slight physical relationship. Moabites were descendants of the incestuous union of Lot (Abraham's nephew) and his own daughter (Genesis 19:33-37). The fields of Boaz were immediately adjacent to the shepherds' fields (Luke 2:8) of Bethlehem. This little book was ofttimes read at the Feast of Pentecost as a picture of domestic life and love in a time of anarchy and trouble. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: The central lesson is that only trouble results from leaving the LORD's land (Bethlehem) and that blessing will not come again until there is repentance and return. The Law completely shut out the Moabite from a participation in the blessing of Israel (Deuteronomy 23:3). Here, however, is the operation of the grace of GOD which transcends the curse, and lifts Ruth to immeasurable heights of privilege, placing her in the Messianic line (Matthew 1:5). Boaz was the son of Rahab, the Jericho harlot (Joshua 2:1; Matthew 1:5). Thus David, the greatgrandson of a Moabite and great great-grandson of a Canaanite, further demonstrated the grace of GOD. Ruth's lovely confession to Naomi (1:16, 17) is one of the grandest examples of literary jewels the world possesses. This fell from the lips of a heathen maiden who evidently saw in the family of her deceased husband the real goal of living. The Levitical law known as the Kinsman-Redeemer, finds its most outstanding example here. The law had provided that when a man died, and there were no children, the brother should take the wife and raise up children for his deceased brother (Deuteronomy 25:5-10). Also, if the property of the dead brother must be sold for any reason, it was to be redeemed by a near kinsman so as to preserve the inheritance. The redeemer must, of course, be a kinsman, and must be able to redeem, which meant paying the just demands in full. Boaz fulfilled this perfectly and became a type of Christ, our Kinsman-Redeemer, who rescued us from our lost condition by fully paying the price of our sin (I Peter 1:18, 19; Galatians 3:13). 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: Note excellent labor relations between Boaz and his workmen (2:4). The incident (3:1-11) is not indelicate, but merely a custom of presenting the claims inherent in the kinsman problem. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: You will understand this book more perfectly as you put yourself in the place of Ruth; see Boaz as CHRIST your Redeemer, and the marriage as your salvation. ~ end of Ruth ~
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:09:33 GMT -5
Key to I SAMUEL 1. STATISTICS: Writers, Samuel (10:25), possibly Nathan and Gad (I Chronicles 29:29). Time involved, about 120 years; key thought, "kingdom"; key verse, 12:13; type of book, history; principal character, Saul. 2. THEME: This is mainly the story of the rise and fall of King Saul, introduced by the prophet Samuel, and followed on the throne by David. 3. OUTLINE: Samuel as judge (1-7) David persecuted (16-30) Saul begins to reign (8-15) Saul's defeat, death (28, 31) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: This book begins the line of writing prophets. From this time the prophet rather than the priest is conspicuous in Israel. Samuel was a child of faith and prayer. His father was a Levite (I Chronicles 6:27, 28), and before his birth he was dedicated to the LORD. Hannah's lovely prayer of thanksgiving seems somewhat similar to the great Magnificat of Mary (Luke 1:46-55). Moses had foreseen and predicted the coming of the kingship (Deuteronomy 17:14, 15). Samuel was a "circuit rider" as a judge (7:15-17). The "schools of the prophets" were evidently introduced under Samuel (10:5, 10; 19:20; II Kings 2:3-5). Samuel's ministry included that of being a "kingmaker." 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: Eli and Samuel were both men of godly integrity. However, evidently being busy in the service of GOD, they neglected their own sons with tragic results (2:12-17; 8:3-5). The ark of the covenant was a blessing to GOD's people, but a curse to the enemies of the LORD (chapter 5). Saul was the people's choice for king. In the natural, he possessed many qualifications. He started well, and had he continued, his story would have been entirely different. His great deficiency was a lack of spiritual appreciation. Saul's errors were those common to rulers: (1) impatience as he waited for Samuel (13:8-14); (2) impetuosity in the flush of victory where he made a rash vow (chapter 14); (3) disobedience to the clear command of GOD and acting in his own self-will (chapter 15). Along with these was a resultant insane jealousy he had for David. All of these human frailties might have been counterbalanced by simple and sincere dependence upon GOD, who gives to rulers their special abilities. David is introduced here. Undoubtedly he is the most colorful figure in the whole Bible. He was a rich combination of soldier, statesman, shepherd, musician, singer, poet. His magnificent victory over Goliath was a demonstration of the courage that may accompany simple faith in GOD. Two of David's inner qualities stand out boldly. His deep and sincere love for his friend, Jonathan, and his patience in waiting GOD's time to ascend the throne for which he had already been anointed. Apparently the appearance of Samuel in the home of the witch of Endor was genuine for it greatly frightened even the witch. Witchcraft, of course, had been strictly forbidden by the Law and this was a sad commentary on the spiritual status of Saul's heart (Leviticus 20:27; Deuteronomy 18:10-12). 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: First and Second Samuel were originally one book. Goliath's armor weighed more than 150 pounds; his spearhead alone was 20 pounds. It is questionable if David at this time weighed 150 pounds. Many of the psalms of David were written at this time. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: As in all the Book of GOD, the divine Author selects only material which is for our edification. The key is the contrast of the inner qualities of Saul and David, and the resultant accomplishments. Apply this to your own heart. ~ end of I Samuel ~
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:10:46 GMT -5
Key to II SAMUEL 1. STATISTICS: Writers, Nathan, a prophet, and Gad, a seer (I Chronicles 27:24; 29:29); time covered, about 40 years; type of book, history; key thought, full establishment of kingdom; key verse, 7:16; key character, David. 2. THEME: The story of David as king: his reign in Hebron, his coronation over the entire nation, his military exploits and victories, his grievous sin and the sad train of consequential punishments. 3. OUTLINE: David at Hebron (1-4) David king over all Israel (5-24) Ark restored (6, 7) Many conquests (8-10) David's sin and repentance (11, 12) Absalom's rebellion (13-19) David's last days (20-24) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: The frankness in describing David's sin is proof of Divine authorship of the book. Here is the height of the kingdom (see Genesis 15:18-21). One of David's psalms is chapter 22. A great military leader inspired talented followers (23). Psalms written from his experiences: his flight from Jerusalem (Psalm 3, 4), his song of military victory (Psalm 30, 60), his sin (Psalm 51). 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: David's greatest commendation was to be called a man after God's own heart (I Samuel 13:14). How could this be, in view of his great sin? The answer is his whole-souled repentance. Whatever else, he had a heart for GOD. His many psalms reveal this. Not only was David gracious and forgiving, but he utterly discouraged vindictiveness, and went out of his way to be kind to Saul's kin (chapter 9). GOD's covenant with David regarding a perpetual throne (chapter 7) is one of the Bible's greatest chapters. (See also: Psalm 89:27-29; Jeremiah 33:20, 21, 25; Luke 1:30-33). David's great capacity for worship evidenced in his bringing the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem and establishing ritual and order of the temple service as soon as the land was quiet from war. GOD forgave David's sin, but its consequences followed him all his life. Murder and adultery occurred again and again in his family. Sin is truly a damnable thing. 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: Watercourse ("gutter" 5:8) is still seen in Jerusalem. Jerusalem was one of the most easily defended capital cities of the ancient world. Some amazing records are marked by David's mighty men (chapter 23). Absalom's vanity (luxurious head of hair) became his downfall. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: How can one today be a man after God's own heart? It was surely not in his sin, but in his wholesouled sorrow and repentance that David could be thus named. ~ end of II Samuel
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:14:12 GMT -5
Key to I KINGS 1. STATISTICS: Writer, Jeremiah, according to tradition. Note similarity of II Kings 25 and Jeremiah 39; 52. Extent of time, 120 years. Key thought, kingdom glory and decline; key verse, 2:12; key characters, Solomon, Elijah. Type of book, history. 2. THEME: Following David's death, Solomon became king, ruled well, built the temple but eventually made some serious mistakes. At his death the kingdom was divided and a great prophet, Elijah, came on scene. 3. OUTLINE: David's counsel and death (1,2) Elijah emerges (17-19) Solomon's magnificence and temple (3-11) King Ahab's story (20-22) Division and early Kings (12-16) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Books of Kings present political aspect of the time while Chronicles present the priestly aspect of same period. Other existing books referred to by sacred writer: book of Acts of Solomon; History of Nathan; History of Gad; Visions of Iddo. Solomon was colorful figure to describe. He wrote 3000 proverbs and 1005 songs, and besides was an authority on botany and zoology. The second half of the book deals mainly with the prophet Elijah. 5. OUTSTANDING FEATURES: Solomon's reign began in splendor as in deep humility he asked for wisdom. Received wisdom, wealth and honor. The downfall of the world's wisest man came in his failure to follow God's admonitions. His reign prefigures the millennial kingdom when "the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea." His unique wisdom did not save him from the idolatry introduced by his heathen wives. Unlike David, he did not show penitence and confess his sin. At his death, his kingdom was seething with unrest. Rehoboam's foolish decision split the Tribes into two nations which remained through the period of the captivity. There were a few of the kings of Judah who followed the LORD, but for the most part the picture of both kingdoms was a sad one. The strongest impression is the longsuffering patience of GOD. Elijah, one of two remarkable prophets in the Northern Kingdom, first appeared as a grown man, facing King Ahab with flaming reproof. A strange supernatural atmosphere surrounded him. He was like a lion, strong, stern. He performed miracles and lived as an ascetic. He was GOD's man for the hour. To keep Israel from religious pilgrimages to Jerusalem, Jeroboam erected two golden calves to worship in Bethel and Dan. He became a synonym for sin in Israel's history. Again and again following his name is the phrase "who made Israel to sin." 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: There were 19 kings (9 dynasties) in Israel; 20 kings (1 dynasty) in Judah. Solomon had extensive stables (9:15, 16; 10:26, 28) at Megiddo. A three-word description of the kings following Solomon would be: Idolatry, immorality and bloodshed. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: Study the life of Solomon and ask, Why did this king fail when he had started so magnificently. Make a list of the kings of Judah and Israel and you will see the size of the grace of GOD. ~ end of I Kings
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:15:29 GMT -5
Key to II KINGS 1. STATISTICS: Writer, probably Jeremiah. Time of writing, 600 B.C. Key thought, decline of kingdom; key verse, 17:9. Time covered, about 300 years. Type of book, history. 2. THEME: A continuation of the decline of the kingdom period, including the inevitable captivity of the northern tribes, later the southern. Miracle-ministry of the prophet, Elisha, is prominent. 3. OUTLINE: Decline and final captivity of Israel (1-17) Decline and final captivity of Judah (18-25) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: History of man's inexcusable failures and GOD's immeasurable love. This was one of three periods of miracles; others were during the life of Moses and during Christ's earthly ministry. One figure is predominant - Elisha the prophet, successor to Elijah. The former was opposite of the latter in every respect, yet was GOD's man for the hour. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: Elisha asked for a double portion of Elijah's spirit (2:9). There are just twelve miracles recorded for him, six for Elijah. These affected nations and individuals, with whom GOD is concerned: The Syrian siege (chapters 6, 7), the Shunammite's son (4:8-37). Two great lessons in Naaman's healing: the connecting link provided by the captive girl and the fact that GOD allowed His truth to be known to pagan nations as well as to His chosen people. The fulfillment awaited GOD's time, but frightful judgment inexorably came to the wicked Jezebel (9:10, 30-37), perhaps the most wicked woman pictured in the Bible. The Messianic line hangs on a thread, the life of a six-year-old, Joash (11:1-3). Prayers reveal inner character. The inner heart of King Hezekiah is seen from his earnest prayers (19:14-19; 20:1-3). A complete account of GOD's reasons for allowing Israel to go into captivity is given (17:7-23). GOD answers Hezekiah's prayer for extended life, but in this time Manasseh, the most frightfully wicked king of all, was born to him (chapters 20, 21). How much better is GOD's way. The reading of GOD's Word brings results (22:11-14; 23:1-27). 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: Elijah a "fire" prophet, miracles during his life and his homegoing. Solomon's temple completely destroyed (25:8-10). The captivity of Judah in four installments. Reappearance of Elijah in Matthew 17:1-3, at Transfiguration. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: GOD forestalled judgment upon His people for many years, but it finally had to fall. Had there been a genuine repentance and revival they would have been spared. That same long-suffering patience is seen in GOD's dealing with the unsaved today. ~ end of II Kings
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:17:53 GMT -5
Key to I CHRONICLES 1. STATISTICS: Writer, presumably Ezra, scribe and priest (II Chronicles 36:22 and Ezra 1:1, 2). Time of writing 500 B.C. Key thought, kingdom history from sacred standpoint. Key verse, 29:26. Type of book, history and genealogical records. Chronicles means "word of days" or "journal" or "record." 2. THEME: A condensed history, beginning with Adam and ending with captivity of Jewish nation (including II Chronicles), with emphasis on the reign of David, Israel's greatest king. 3. OUTLINE: Genealogical records (1-10) Reign of David (11-29). 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Book is part of a recapitulation of II Samuel but with a different purpose in mind. Writer was concerned with an accurate statistical record for the time in which he was writing and for the future. Books of Samuel and Kings (102 chapters) cover 585 years of pure history. Prophets are important; kings of both nations are named, special emphasis on prominent ones. Two books of Chronicles (65 chapters) cover 460 years of religious history. Priests are important; they tell only of the good kings of Judah. Whatever has to do with the temple, purity of its worship, regularity of its services, its preservation or restoration is emphasized. The attitude of the kings to the King of kings is shown to be the key to national success. The ministry of music is fully set forth; the duties of the Levites were designated and the priesthood was organized into 24 courses. Doorkeepers and treasurers were authorized as well as David's civil servants. Public worship was given special attention. GOD was seen to be greatly interested in regular assembling of the people to honor Him. It was necessary that there be instruction as to how to make such worship acceptable. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: While in the books of Samuel and Kings we found wars, idolatries, and offenses; in this book are deliverances, repentances, and reformations. In the former, idolatry appears as treason against the king; in the latter, the apostasy was against GOD. Four great deliverances in (I & II) Chronicles and in each case victory was by GOD's hand. David had many valuable friends (chapters 11, 12). They were described as "expert in war, with all instruments of war"; with "faces... like the faces of lions:" They were "as swift as the roes (deer) upon the mountains" and they could "use both the right hand and the left." David was given the honor of preparing materials for the temple which was to be built by Solomon (chapter 22). He collected vast stores of gold, silver, and building materials. The estimate of the value is from two to five billions of dollars. David said concerning the temple, it "must be exceeding magnifical" (v. 5). The great Davidic covenant (II Samuel 7) was reiterated in I Chronicles 17:7-15. This is one of GOD's unconditional agreements with Israel. (See also Psalm 89:20-37.) The ark of His covenant had been in Kirjath-jearim for 20 years (I Samuel 7:2); then in the house of Obed-edom for three months. Now in grand triumphal procession, David brought it to a tent prepared for it in Jerusalem (chapter 15). 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: Uzza's death came as a result of doing the right thing, in the wrong way (13:9, 10). David refused to give an offering to the LORD which had cost him nothing (21:22-26). 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: Repetition means emphasis. What GOD has restated in Chronicles should be noted carefully. ~ end of I Chronicles
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:19:00 GMT -5
Key to EZRA 1. STATISTICS: Writer is Ezra, great-grandson of Hilkiah, an Aaronic priest-scribe (7:1; II Kings 22:8); time of writing about 450 B.C.; time covered, 93 years; key thought, restoration; key verse, 7:10; type of book, history; Josephus and Jerome and others have considered Ezra and Nehemiah as one work. 2. THEME: The return of the Jews from captivity in Babylon as led first by Zerubbabel, and second by Ezra constituting, along with Nehemiah, the closing section of Old Testament history. Activities include the restoration of the temple, and the reorganization of national life. 3. OUTLINE: Cyrus' decree (1) Ezra's expedition (7-10) Zerubbabel's expedition (2-6) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Important genealogical lists constituted legal records. Record of two returns: Zerubbabel, 536 B.C.; Ezra, 457 B.C. This period of restoration is direct result of Daniel 9:1-19. Between chapters 6 and 7 is a period of 60 silent years. Possibly the events of the book of Esther took place then. Cyrus fulfilled prophecy spoken 200 years before (Isaiah 44:28; 45:1). Prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah fit into this period. In world history this was Greece's golden age; the lifetime of Buddha, 563-483; the lifetime of Confucius, 551-479. The term "Jews" for all the 12 tribes began here. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: In contrast to Assyrian and Babylonian kings, the Persians had a national policy (no doubt GOD's direction) to repatriate deported people. Thus the way was opened for Israel to return to her land. The first step in re-establishing the nation was to begin rebuilding the temple and observing national religious feasts. This was wise, and GOD gave joy in this (chapter 3). Opposition inevitably developed when GOD's work began (4:1-22). But with the leadership of the patriots and the encouragement of the prophets, Haggai and Zechariah, the work of the temple was completed. King Artaxerxes (7:1) was the stepson of Queen Esther. Some 59 years after the dedication of the temple in Jerusalem, Ezra the priest-scribe led another expedition under the King's favorable commandment (7:11-26). Thus Queen Esther may have been responsible under GOD for the impetus given to the work of the restoration. Ezra took with him 1754 men. The section of chapters 7-10 shows a period of reform. Ezra found a rather sad situation in Jerusalem. The very thing which GOD had forbidden was happening without restraint; intermarriage with the peoples of the land. Ezra was astounded. Ezra's prayer is one of the Bible's great ones (9:5-15). He confessed the sins of the people and they became deeply moved, promising before GOD to rectify the abuses, especially the unlawful marriages. The greatest accomplishments of Ezra occurred when GOD sent another great man to aid him, in the person of Nehemiah. Here are two whose gifts beautifully supplemented each other, supplying to each what the other lacked. The key to Ezra's character is the statement, "For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the law of the Lord, and do it, and to teach in Israel statutes and judgments" (7:10). 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: From the largest deportation into exile in 606 B.C. to decree of Cyrus in 536 is just 70 years. From the destruction of the temple (586) to the rebuilding and dedication of the new temple (516) is exactly 70 years. Jeremiah definitely fixed the period of exile at 70 years in his prophetic words in 25:11 and 29:10. 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: GOD is behind all that happens to the Jew, opening the way, encouraging hearts, giving victories. Yet this captivity was but a sample of the world-wide dispersion that was yet to come. Most of the people of GOD had not learned what GOD was trying to teach. ~ end of Ezra
|
|
|
Post by Admin on Apr 2, 2024 11:20:16 GMT -5
Key to NEHEMIAH 1. STATISTICS: Writer, Nehemiah, cup bearer (i.e., confidant, advisor) to Persian king, Artaxerxes (1:11); possible co-writer, Ezra. Time of writing, 450 B.C.; years covered, 40; key verse, 2:5; key thought, restoration of defenses of Jerusalem and reforms of the people. 2. THEME: A partially autobiographic history of the completion of the outer and inner defenses of Jerusalem following the captivity, from the pen of a sincere, prayerful man of great faith and courage. Forming a spiritual team with Ezra the priest, Nehemiah governed righteously for GOD many years. 3. OUTLINE: Prayer (1) Work on internal problems (7-13) Work on walls (2-6) 4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Nehemiah's expedition (about 444 B.C.) was third at Persian government's expense and with army escort. Parts of book are in the first person, possibly taken from the official reports which Nehemiah, as prime minister, made to the king. Nehemiah was a man of great prayer (1:4; 2:4; 4:4, 9; 6:9, 14). Note that before he made request to the king he spent 4 months in prayer. 5. OUTSTANDING TEACHINGS: GOD fulfills His purposes. In this case the chosen nation was reestablished by the dictum of heathen kings and by the example of men of faith and courage. Opposition appeared, as is always the case when a real work for GOD is being done. Some came as a bulldozing giant, some as a crafty fox. Nehemiah was tested by compromise, ridicule, and by threats of assassination. Chapter 3 is a commentary on human nature. Among the workers on the wall, some worked "earnestly" (v. 20); some did extra work (v. 4 and 21); others did not help at all (v. 5); a few did an outstanding job (v. 13). All will meet the record someday. Building was not the only problem. Evil practices within were equally serious. Nehemiah was able to right this grievous wrong because of his own unselfishness (chapter 5). As the wall was completed the very next matter was the deepening of the spiritual life. The law of GOD was read at a public meeting (8:8); then confession was followed by expressions of trust in GOD and praise. With firm hand Nehemiah corrected abuses of unholy marriages and violating the Sabbath (chapter 13). 6. INTERESTING FEATURES: How to really preach is explained in 8:8. Some able-bodied daughters helped on the wall (3:12) and even the high priest was not afraid to soil his hands on the wall (3:1). Prominent in the book are the words "so" and "we." 7. KEY TO UNDERSTANDING: You will understand and enjoy the book more when you put yourself in Nehemiah's place. Against tremendous odds he proved himself to be first a man, then GOD's man. ~ end of Nehemiah
|
|