Post by Admin on Jan 21, 2024 15:27:38 GMT -5
FORMALISM
"Having a form of godliness but denying its power."--2 Timothy
3:5
"A man is not a Jew if he is only one outwardly, nor is circumcision
merely outward and physical." "No, a man is a Jew if he is one
inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart, by the Spirit,
not by the written code. Such a man's praise is not from men, but
from God." Romans 2:28-29
The texts which head this paper deserve serious attention at any
time. But they deserve special notice in this age of the Church and
the world. Never since the Lord Jesus Christ left the earth, was there
so much formalism and false profession as there is in the present
day. Now, more than ever, we ought to examine ourselves, and
search our religion, that we may know what sort it really is. Let us try
to find out whether our Christianity is a thing of form or a thing of
heart.
I know of no better way of unfolding the subject than by turning to a
plain passage of the Word of God. Let us listen to what Paul says
about it. He lays down the following great principles in his Epistle to
the Romans: "A man is not a Jew if he is only one outwardly, nor is
circumcision merely outward and physical. No, a man is a Jew if he is
one inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart, by the
Spirit, not by the written code. Such a man's praise is not from men,
but from God" (Romans 2:28-29). Three most instructive lessons
appear to me to stand out on the face of that passage. Let us see what
they are.
I. We learn, first, that formal religion is not true religion, and a
formal Christian is not a true Christian in God's sight.
II. We learn, secondly, that the heart is the seat of true religion, and
that the true Christian is the Christian in heart.
III. We learn, thirdly, that true religion must never expect to be
popular. It will not have the "praise of man, but praise from God."
Let us thoroughly consider these great principles. Two hundred years
have passed away since a mighty Puritan preacher said, "Formalism,
formalism, formalism is the great sin of this day, under which the
whole country groans. There is more light than there was, but less
life; more profession, but less holiness." (Thomas Hall, on 2 Timothy
3:5, 1658). What would this good man have said if he lived in our times?
I. We learn first, that "formal religion is not religion, and a formal
Christian is not a Christian in God's sight."
What do I mean when I speak of formal religion? This is a point that
must be made clear. Thousands, I suspect, know nothing about it.
Without a distinct understanding of this point my whole paper will
be useless. My first step will be to paint, describe, and define.
When a man is a Christian in name only, and not in reality--in
outward things only, and not in his inward feelings--in profession
only, and not in practice--when his Christianity in short is a mere
matter of form, or fashion, or custom, without any influence on his
heart or life- -in such a case as this the man has what I call a "formal
religion." He possesses indeed the "form," or shell, or surface of
religion, but he does not possess its substance or its "power."
Look for example at those thousands of people whose whole religion
seems to consist in keeping religious ceremonies and ordinances.
They regularly attend public worship. They regularly go to the Lord's
Table. But they never get any further. They know nothing of true
heartfelt Christianity. They are not familiar with the Scriptures, and
take no delight in reading them. They do not separate themselves
from the ways of the world. They draw no distinction between
godliness and ungodliness in their friendships, or matrimonial
alliances. They care little or nothing about the distinctive doctrines of
the Gospel. They appear utterly indifferent as to what they hear
preached. You may be in their presence for weeks, and from what
you hear or see on any week day, you might easily assume they were
atheists. What can be said about these people? They clearly profess
to be Christians; and yet there is neither heart nor life in their
Christianity. There is but one thing to be said about them--they are
formal Christians. Their religion is only a FORM.
Look in another direction at those hundreds of people whose religion
seems to consist of a lot of talk and profession. They know the theory
of the Gospel with their heads, and profess to delight in Evangelical
doctrine. They can say a lot about the "soundness" of their own
views, and the "ignorance" of all who disagree with them. But they
never get any further! When you examine their inner lives you find
that they know nothing of practical godliness. They are neither
truthful, nor loving, nor humble, nor honest, nor kind, nor gentle,
nor giving, nor honorable. What shall we say of these people? They
claim to be Christians, and yet there is neither substance nor fruit in
their Christianity. There is but one thing to be said--They are formal
Christians. Their religion is only an empty FORM.
Such is the formal religion against which I wish to raise a warning
voice this day. Here is the rock on which multitudes of people from
every part of the world are making catastrophic shipwreck of their
souls. One of the wickedest things that was ever said was this: "Don't
worry about your religion, but only the appearance of it."
Such notions are from the earth. No, rather they are from beneath
the earth: they smell of the pit. Beware of them, and stand on your
guard. If there is anything about which the Scripture speaks
expressly, it is the sin and uselessness of FORMALISM.
Listen to what Paul tells the Romans: "A man is not a Jew if he is
only one outwardly, nor is circumcision merely outward and
physical" (Romans 2:28). These are strong words indeed! A man
might be a son of Abraham according to the flesh--a member of one
of the twelve tribes-- circumcised the eighth day--a keeper of all the
feasts--a regular worshipper in the temple--and yet in God's sight not
be a Jew! In the same way, a man may be a Christian by outward
profession--a member of a Christian Church--baptized with Christian
baptism--faithful in receiving the Lord's Supper--and yet in God's
sight, not a Christian at all.
Hear what the prophet Isaiah says: "Listen to the Lord, you leaders
of Israel! Listen to the law of our God, people of Israel. You act just
like the rulers and people of Sodom and Gomorrah. "I am sick of
your sacrifices," says the Lord. "Don't bring me any more burnt
offerings! I don't want the fat from your rams or other animals. I
don't want to see the blood from your offerings of bulls and rams and
goats. Why do you keep parading through my courts with your
worthless sacrifices? The incense you bring me is a stench in my
nostrils! Your celebrations of the new moon and the Sabbath day,
and your special days for fasting—even your most pious meetings—
are all sinful and false. I want nothing more to do with them. I hate
all your festivals and sacrifices. I cannot stand the sight of them!
From now on, when you lift up your hands in prayer, I will refuse to
look. Even though you offer many prayers, I will not listen. For your
hands are covered with the blood of your innocent victims. Isaiah 1:10-15
These words, when examined, are extraordinary. The sacrifices
which are here declared to be useless were appointed by God
Himself! The feasts and ordinances which God says He "hates," had
been prescribed by Him! God Himself pronounces His own
institutions to be useless when they are used formally and without
heart in the worshipper! In fact, they are worse than useless; they are
even offensive and hurtful. Words cannot be imagined more distinct
and unmistakable. They show that formal religion is worthless in
God's sight. It is not worth calling it religion at all.
Hear, lastly what our Lord Jesus Christ says. We find Him saying of
the Jews of His day: "These people honor me with their lips, but their
hearts are far from me. They worship me in vain; their teachings are
but rules taught by men" (Matthew 15:8-9). We see Him repeatedly
denouncing the formalism and hypocrisy of the scribes and
Pharisees, and warning His disciples against it. Eight times in one
chapter (Matthew 23:13) He says to them, "Woe to you, teachers of
the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites!" But for the worst of sinners
He always had a word of kindness, and held out to them an open
door. But formalism, He would have us know, is a desperate disease,
and must be exposed in the severest language. To the eye of an
ignorant man a formalist may seem to have a very decent "quantity"
of religion, though not perhaps of the best "quality." In the eye of
Christ, however, the case is very different. In His sight formalism is
not a true religion at all.
What shall we say to these testimonies of Scripture? It would be easy
to add to them. They do not stand alone. If words mean anything,
they are a clear warning to all who profess and call themselves
Christians. They teach us plainly that as we dread sin and avoid sin,
so we ought to dread formalism and avoid formalism. Formalism
may take your hand with a smile, and look like a brother, while sin
comes against us with drawn sword, and strikes at us like an enemy.
But both have one end in view. Both want to ruin our souls; and of
the two, formalism is the one most likely to do it. If we love life, let us
beware of formalism in religion.
Nothing is "so common." It is one of the great family diseases of the
whole race of mankind. It is born with us, grows with us, and is never
completely cast out of us till we die. It meets us in church, it meets us
among the rich, and it meets us among the poor. It meets us among
educated people, and it meets us among the uneducated. It meets us
among the Roman Catholics, and it meets us among Protestants. It
meets us among the leaders of the church, and it meets us among the
newest member. It meets us among Evangelicals, and it meets us
among those who go through many rituals, like the Liberals do. Go
wherever we will, and join whatever Church we may, we are never
beyond the risk of its infection. We will find it among Quakers and
Plymouth Brethren, as well as among the Roman Catholics. The man
who thinks that there is no formal religion in his church, is a very
blind and ignorant person. If you love life, beware of formalism.
Nothing is "so dangerous" to a man's own soul. Familiarity with the
form of religion, while we neglect its reality, has a fearfully
deadening effect on the conscience. It brings up by degrees a thick
crust of insensibility over the whole inner man. None seem to
become so desperately hard as those who are continually repeating
holy words and handling holy things, while their hearts are running
after sin and the world. Leaders of our society, who go to church just
for show, to make everyone think they are religious--Fathers who
have family prayers formally, to keep up a good appearance in their
homes--unconverted ministers, who every week are reading prayers
and lessons of Scripture, in which they feel no real interest--
unconverted church members, who are constantly reading responses
and saying "Amen," without feeling what they say--unconverted
singers, who sing the most spiritual hymns every Sunday, merely
because they have good voices, while their affections are entirely on
things below--all, all, all are in awful danger. They are gradually
hardening their hearts, and searing the skin of their consciences. If
you love your own soul, beware of formalism.
Nothing, finally, is "so foolish," senseless, and unreasonable. Can a
formal Christian really suppose that the mere outward Christianity
he professes will comfort him in the day of sickness and the hour of
death? That is impossible. A painting of a fire cannot warm, and a
painted banquet cannot satisfy hunger, and a formal religion cannot
bring peace to the soul. Can he suppose that God does not see the
heartlessness and deadness of his Christianity? Though he may
deceive neighbors, acquaintances, fellow-worshippers, and ministers
with a form of godliness, does he think that he can deceive God? The
very idea is absurd. "Does He who formed the eye not see?" He
knows the very secrets of the heart. He will "judge the secrets of
men" at the last day. He who said to each of the seven Churches, "I
know your works," is not changed. He who said to the man without
the wedding garment, "Friend, how did you get in here?" will not be
deceived by a little cloak of outward religion. If you don't want to be
put to shame at the last day, once more I say, beware of formalism.
(Psalm 94:9; Romans 2:16; Revelation 2:2; Matthew 22:11)
II. I move on to the second thing which I want you to consider. "The
heart is the seat of true religion, and the true Christian is the one
who is a Christian in their heart."
The heart is the real test of a man's character. It is not what he says
or what he does by which the man may be always known. He may say
and do things that are right, from false and unworthy motives, while
his heart is altogether wrong. The heart is the man. "As he thinks in
his heart, so he is" (Proverbs 23:7).
The heart is the right test of a man's religion. It is not enough that a
man holds to correct doctrine, and maintains a proper outward form
of godliness. What is in his heart? That is the great question. That is
what God looks at. "Man looks at the outward appearance, but the
Lord looks at the heart" (1 Samuel 16:7). This is what Paul lays down
distinctly as the standard measure of the soul: "A man is a Jew if he
is one inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart"
(Romans 2:28). Who can doubt that this mighty sentence was
written for Christians as well as for Jews? He is a Christian, the
apostle would have us know, which is one inwardly, and baptism is
that of the heart.
The heart is the place where saving religion must begin. It is
naturally irreligious, and must be renewed by the Holy Spirit. "I will
give you a new heart," your old heart is naturally hard, and must be
made tender and be broken. "I will remove from you your heart of
stone and give you a heart of flesh." "The sacrifices of God are a
broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart." Man's heart is a heart
naturally closed and shut against God, and must be opened. The
Lord "opened the heart" of Lydia. (Ezekiel 36:26; Psalm 51:17; Acts
16:14)
The heart is the seat of true saving faith. "For it is with your heart
that you believe and are justified" (Romans 10:10). A man may
believe that Jesus is the Christ, as the demons do, and yet remain in
his sins. He may believe that he is a sinner, and that Christ is the
only Savior, and occasionally wish that he was a better man. But no
one ever lays hold of Christ, and receives pardon and peace, until he
believes with the heart. It is heart-faith that justifies.
The heart is the origin of true holiness and the source for continued
obedience. True Christians are holy because their hearts are
committed to Christ. They obey from the heart. They do the will of
God from the heart. Weak, and feeble, and imperfect as all their
deeds are, they please God, because they are done from a loving
heart. He who commended the widow's offering of a few pennies
more than all the offerings of the wealthy Jews, regards quality far
more than quantity. What He likes to see is a thing done from "an
honest and good heart" (Luke 8:15). There is no real holiness without
a right heart towards Christ.
The things I am saying may sound strange. Perhaps they run counter
to all the notions of some into whose hands this paper may fall.
Perhaps you have thought that if a man's religion is correct
outwardly, he must be one with whom God is well pleased. You are
completely mistaken. You are rejecting the whole tenor of Bible
teaching. Outward correctness without a right heart is neither more
or less than living like a Pharisee. The outward things of Christianity-
-Baptism, the Lord's Supper, Church-membership, giving, Biblereading,
and the like-- will never take any man's soul to heaven,
unless his heart is right. There must be inward things as well as
outward--and it is on the inward things that God's eyes are chiefly fixed.
Hear how Paul teaches us about this matter in three most striking texts:
"Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing. Keeping
God's commands is what counts" (1 Corinthians 7:19).
"Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what
counts is a new creation" (Galatians 6:15).
"In Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any
value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through
love" (Galatians 5:6).
Did the Apostle only mean in these texts, that circumcision was no
longer needed under the Gospel? Was that all? No indeed! I believe
that he meant much more. He meant that under Christ Jesus,
everything depended on being born again--on having true saving
faith--on being holy in life and conduct. He meant that these are the
things we ought to look at chiefly, and not outward forms. "Am I a
new creature? Do I really believe in Christ? Am I a holy person?"
These are the grand questions that we must seek to answer.
"When the heart is wrong all is wrong in God's sight." Many right
things may be done. The forms and ordinances which God Himself
has appointed may seem to be honored. But so long as the heart is at
fault, God is not pleased. He will have man's heart or nothing.
The ark was the most sacred thing in the Jewish tabernacle. On it
was the mercy-seat. Within it were the tablets of the law, written by
God's own finger. The High Priest alone was allowed to go into the
place where it was kept, within the veil, and that only once every
year. The presence of the ark within the camp was thought to bring a
special blessing. And yet this very ark could do the Israelites no more
good than any common wooden box, when they trusted in it like an
idol, with their hearts full of wickedness. They brought it into the
camp, on a special occasion, saying, "Let us bring the ark of the
Lord's covenant from Shiloh, so that it may go with us and save us
from the hand of our enemies" (1 Samuel 4:3). When it came into the
camp they showed it all reverence and honor, "They shouted with
such a great shout that the ground shook." But it was all in vain. They
were slaughtered by the Philistines, and the ark of God was captured.
And why was this? It was because their religion was a mere form.
They honored the ark, but did not give the God of the ark their
hearts.
There were some kings of Judah and Israel who did many things that
were right in God's sight, and yet were never written in the list of
godly and righteous men. Rehoboam started off well, and for three
years was noted as, "walking in the ways of David and Solomon" (2
Chronicles 11:17). But afterwards "he did evil because he had not set
his heart on seeking the Lord" (2 Chronicles 12:14). Abijah, according
to the book of Chronicles, said many things that were right, and
fought successfully against Jeroboam. Nevertheless, the general
verdict is against him. We read, in Kings, that "his `heart' was not
fully devoted to the Lord his God" (1 Kings 15:3). Amaziah, we are
expressly told, "did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, but not
wholeheartedly" (2 Chronicles 25:2). Jehu, King of Israel, was raised
up, by God's command, to put down idolatry. He was a man of
special zeal in doing God's work. But unhappily it is written of him:
"Jehu was not careful to keep the law of the LORD, the God of Israel,
with all his heart. He did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam,
which he had caused Israel to commit" (2 Kings 10:31). In short, one
general remark applies to all these kings. They were all wrong
inwardly, they were rotten in their hearts.
There are places of worship in our country today where all the
outward things of religion are done to perfection. The building is
beautiful. The service is beautiful. The singing is beautiful. The forms
of devotion are beautiful. There is everything to gratify the senses.
Eye, and ear, and natural sentimentality are all pleased. But all this
time God is not pleased. One thing is lacking, and the want of that
one thing spoils everything. What is that one thing? It is heart! God
sees under all this outward show, the form of religion, put in the
place of substance, and when He sees that He is displeased. He sees
nothing with an eye of favor in the building, the service, the minister,
or the people. If He does not see converted, renewed, broken,
penitent hearts, then He is not pleased! Bowed heads, bended knees,
loud amens, eyes lifted to heaven, all, all are nothing in God's sight
without right hearts.
"When the heart is right God can look over many things that are
defective." There may be faults in judgment, and weakness in
practice. There may be many deviations from the best course in the
outward things of religion. But if the heart is sound, God is gentle in
pointing out that which is amiss. He is merciful and gracious, and
will pardon much that is imperfect, when he sees a true heart and a
eye fixed on His glory.
Jehoshaphat and Asa were Kings of Judah, who were defective in
many things. Jehoshaphat was a timid, irresolute man, who did not
know how to say "No," and joined affinity with Ahab, the wickedest
king that ever reigned over Israel. Asa was an unstable man, who at
one time trusted in the King of Syria more than in God, and at
another time was angry with God's prophet for rebuking him. (2
Chronicles 16:10) Yet both of them had one great redeeming point in
their characters. With all their faults they had right "hearts."
The Passover kept by Hezekiah was one at which there were many
irregularities. The proper forms were not kept by many. They ate the
Passover "contrary to what was written." But they did it with true
and honest "hearts." And we read that Hezekiah prayed for them,
saying, "May the LORD, who is good, pardon everyone who sets his
heart on seeking God--the LORD, the God of his fathers--even if he is
not clean according to the rules of the sanctuary" (2 Chronicles
30:18-19).
The Passover kept by Josiah must have been far smaller and worse
attended than the numerous Passovers in the days of David and
Solomon, or even in the reign of Jehoshaphat and Hezekiah. How
then can we account for the strong language used in Scripture about
it? "The Passover had not been observed like this in Israel since the
days of the prophet Samuel; and none of the kings of Israel had ever
celebrated such a Passover as did Josiah, with the priests, the Levites
and all Judah and Israel who were there with the people of
Jerusalem" (2 Chronicles 35:18). There is but one explanation. There
never was a Passover at which the "hearts" of the worshippers were
so truly in the feast. The Lord does not look at the quantity of
worshippers so much as the quality. The glory of Josiah's Passover
was the state of people's hearts.
There are many assemblies of Christian worshippers on earth this
very day in which there is literally nothing to attract the natural man.
They meet in miserable dirty so-called chapels, or in wretched upper rooms and cellars.
They sing off tune. They have feeble prayers and
feeble sermons. And yet the Holy Spirit is often in the midst of them!
Sinners are often converted in them, and the Kingdom of God
prospers far more than in any Roman Catholic Cathedral, or than in
any gorgeous Protestant Churches. How is this? How can it be
explained? The cause is simply this, that in these humble assemblies
heart-religion is taught and held. Heart-work is aimed at. Heart work is honored.
And the consequence is that God is pleased and grants His blessing.
I leave this part of my subject here. I ask my readers to consider
carefully the things that I have been saying. I believe that they will
bear examination, and are all true. Resolve this day, whatever
Church you belong to, to be a Christian in "heart." Do not be content
with a mere form of godliness, without the power. Settle it down
firmly in your mind that formal religion is not saving religion, and
that heart- religion is the only religion that leads to heaven.
I only give one word of caution. Do not suppose, because formal
religion will not save, that forms of religion are of no use at all.
Beware of any such senseless extreme. The misuse of a thing is no
argument against the right use of it. The blind idolatry of forms
which prevails in some quarters is no reason why you should throw
away all forms. The ark, when made an idol by Israel and put in the
place of God, was unable to save them from the Philistines, and when
irreverently and improperly handled, brought death on Uzza. And
yet the same ark, when honored and reverenced, brought a blessing
on the house of Obed-edom. The words of one of our pastors are
strong, but true: "He that has but a form of religion is a hypocrite;
but he that does not have a form of religion is an Atheist." Forms
cannot save us, but they are not therefore to be despised. A light is
not a man's home, and yet it is helps a man find his house when he is
traveling home on a dark night. Use the forms of Christianity
diligently, and you will find them a blessing. Only remember, in all
your use of forms, the great principle, that the first thing in religion
is the state of the heart.
III. I now come to the last thing which I want you to consider. "True
religion must never expect to be popular. It will not have the praise
of man, but of God."
I dare not turn away from this part of my subject, however painful it
may be. Anxious as I am to commend heart-religion to every one who
reads this paper, I will not try to conceal what heart-religion entails. I
will not gain a recruit for my Master's army under false pretenses. I
will not promise anything which the Scripture does not warrant. The
words of Paul are clear and unmistakable. Heart-religion is a religion
whose "praise is not from men, but from God" (Romans 2:29).
God's truth and Scriptural Christianity are never really popular. They
never have been. They never will be as long as the world stands. No
one can calmly consider what human nature is, as described in the
Bible, and reasonably expect anything else. As long as man is what
man is, the majority of mankind will always like a religion of form far
better than a religion of heart.
Formal religion just suits an unenlightened conscience. Man must
have some religion. Atheism and downright unbelief, as a general
rule, are never very popular. But a man must have a religion which
does not require very much--trouble his heart very much--interfere
with his sins very much. Formal Christianity satisfies him. It seems
to be the thing that he wants.
Formal religion gratifies the secret self-righteousness of man. All of
us, more or less, are Pharisees. We all naturally cling to the idea that
the way to be saved is to do so many things, and go through so many
religious observances, and that as a result we will get to heaven.
Formalism meets us here. It seems to show us a way by which we can
make our own peace with God.
Formal religion pleases the natural laziness of man. It attaches an
excessive importance to that which is the easiest part of Christianity-
-the shell and the form. Man likes this. He hates exertion in religion.
He wants something which will not meddle with his conscience and
inner life. Only leave his conscience alone, and, it will want to do
works or actions. Formalism seems to open a wider gate, and a more
easy way to heaven.
Facts speak louder than assertions. Facts are stubborn things. Look
over the history of religion in every age of the world, and observe
what has always been popular. Look at the history of Israel from the
beginning of Exodus to the end of the Acts of the Apostles, and see
what has always found favor.
Formalism was one main sin against
which the Old Testament prophets were continually protesting.
Formalism was the great plague which had overcome the Jews, when
our Lord Jesus Christ came into the world. Look at the history of the
Church of Christ after the days of the apostles. How soon formalism
ate out the life and vitality of the primitive Christians! Look at the
middle ages, as they are called.
Formalism so completely covered the
face of Christendom that the Gospel laid there as one does when they
are dead. Look, lastly, at the history of Protestant Churches in the
last three centuries. How few are the places where religion is a living
thing! How many are the countries where Protestantism is nothing
more than a form! There is no getting past these things. They speak
with a voice of thunder. They all show that formal religion is a
popular thing. It has the praise of man.
But why should we look at facts in history?
Why shouldn't we look at the facts under our own eyes, and by our own doors?
Can any one deny that a mere outward religion, a religion of downright
formalism, is the religion which is popular today? Is it for nothing
that John says of certain false teachers, "They are from the world and
therefore speak from the viewpoint of the world, and the world
listens to them" (1 John 4:5). Only say your prayers, and go to church
regularly, and receive the Lord's Supper occasionally, read your Bible
occasionally, and the vast majority of our nation will call you a good
Christian person. "What more would you have to do?" they say: "If
this is not Christianity, what is?" To require more of anyone is
thought to be unfair, fanaticism and to be too enthusiastic! To
insinuate that such a man as this may not go to heaven is called
unloving! It is vain to deny that formal religion is popular. It is
popular. It always was popular. It always will be popular till Christ
comes again. It always has had and always will have the "praise of
man."
Turn now to the religion of the heart, and you will hear a very
different report. As a general rule it has never been liked by
mankind. It has brought upon its professors laughter, ridicule, scorn,
contempt, seclusion, imprisonment and even death. Its lovers have
been faithful and zealous--but they have always been few in number.
It has never had, comparatively, "the praise of man."
Heart-religion is too humbling to be popular. It leaves natural man
no room to boast. It tells him that he is a guilty, lost, hell-deserving
sinner, and that he must flee to Christ for salvation. It tells him that
he is dead, and must be made alive again, and born of the Spirit. The
pride of man rebels against such words as these. He hates to be told
that he is that bad.
Heart-religion is too holy to be popular. It will not leave natural man
alone. It interferes with his worldliness and his sins. It requires of
him things that he hates and despises--conversion, faith, repentance,
spiritual-mindedness, Bible-reading, and prayer. It commands him
to give up what he loves and clings to, and refuses to lay aside. It
would be strange indeed if he liked it. It crosses his path as a kill-joy
and a troublemaker, and it is absurd to expect that he will be pleased
with it.
Was heart-religion popular in Old Testament times? We find David
complaining: "Those who sit at the gate mock me, and I am the song
of the drunkards" (Psalm 69:12). We find the prophets persecuted
and ill- treated because they preached against sin, and required men
to give their hearts to God. Elijah, Micaiah, Jeremiah, Amos, are all
cases in point. To formalism and ceremonialism the Jews never seem
to have made objection. What they disliked was serving God with
their hearts.
Was heart-religion popular in New Testament times? The whole
history of our Lord Jesus Christ's ministry and the lives of His
apostles are a sufficient answer. The scribes and Pharisees would
have willingly received a Messiah who encouraged formalism, and a
Gospel which exalted ceremonialism. But they could not tolerate a
religion of which the first principals were humiliation and
sanctification of the heart.
Has heart-religion ever been popular in the professing Church of
Christ during the last eighteen centuries? Hardly ever, except in the
early centuries when the primitive Church had not left her first love.
Soon, very soon, the men who protested against formalism and
sacramentalism were fiercely denounced as "troublers of Israel."
Long before the Reformation, things came to this, that anyone who
preached heart- holiness and condemned formalism was treated as a
common enemy. He was either silenced, excommunicated,
imprisoned, or put to death like John Huss. In the time of the
Reformation itself, the work of Luther and his companions was
carried on under an incessant storm of defamation and slander. And
what was the cause? It was because they protested against
formalism, ceremonialism, the false Roman Catholic Priesthood,
monks, and taught the necessity of heart-religion.
Has heart-religion ever been popular in our own country in the past?
Never, excepting for a little season. It was not popular in the days of
Queen Mary, when Latimer and his fellow-martyrs were burned at
the stake. It was not popular in the days, when to be a Puritan was
worse than to be a drunkard or a blasphemer. It was not popular in
the middle of last century, when Wesley and Whitfield were shut out
of the established Church. The cause of our martyred Reformers, of
the early Puritans, and of the Methodists, was essentially one and the
same. They were all hated because they preached the uselessness of
formalism, and the impossibility of salvation without repentance,
faith, regeneration, spiritual-mindedness, and holiness of heart.
Is heart-religion popular in our country today? I answer sorrowfully
that I do not believe it is. Look at the followers of it among the
congregations. They are always comparatively few in number. They
stand alone in their respective congregations. They have put up with
many difficult things, harsh words, censure, harsh treatment,
laughter, ridicule, slander, and petty persecution. This is not
popularity! Look at the teachers of heart-religion in the pulpit. They
are loved and liked, no doubt, by the few hearers who agree with
them. They are sometimes admired for their talents and eloquence
by the many who do not agree with them. They are even called
"popular preachers," because of the crowds who listen to their
preaching. But none know so well as the faithful teachers of heart-
religion that few really like them. Few really help them. Few
sympathize with them. Few stand by them in any time of need. They
find, like their Divine Master, that they must work almost alone. I
write these things with sorrow, but I believe they are true. Real
heart-religion today, no less than in days gone by, does not have "the
praise of' man."
But after all it is not important what man thinks, and what man
praises. He that judges us is the Lord. Man will not judge us at the
last day. Man will not sit on the great white throne, examine our
religion, and pronounce our eternal sentence. Those only whom God
commends will be commended at the judgment seat of Christ. Here
lies the value and glory of heart-religion. It may not have the praise
of man, but it has "the praise of God."
God approves and honors heart-religion in this life. He looks down
from heaven, and reads the hearts of all the children of men.
Wherever He sees heart-repentance for sin, heart-faith in Christ,
heart-holiness of life, heart-love to His Son, His law, His will, and
His Word-- wherever God sees these things He is well pleased. He
writes a book of remembrance for that man, however poor and
uneducated he may be. He gives His angels special charge over Him.
He maintains in him the work of grace, and gives Him daily supplies
of peace, hope, and strength. He regards him as a member of His
own dear Son, as one who is witnessing for the truth, as His Son did.
Weak as the man's heart may seem to himself, it is the living sacrifice
which God loves, and the heart which He has solemnly declared He
will not despise. Such praise is worth more than the praise of man!
God will proclaim His approval of heart-religion before the
assembled world at the last day. He will command His angels to
gather together His saints, from every part of the globe, into one
glorious company. He will raise the dead and change the living, and
place them at the right hand of His beloved Son's throne. Then all
that have served Christ with the heart shall hear Him say, "Come,
you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the
kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. You have
been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many
things. Come and share your master's happiness! You acknowledged
me before men, and I will also acknowledge you before my Father
and His angels. You are those who have stood by me in my trials, and
I confer on you a kingdom, just as my Father conferred one on me"
(Matthew 25:21-34; Luke 22:8, 28-29; Revelation 3:5). These words
will be addressed to none but those who have given Christ their
hearts! They will not be addressed to the formalist, the hypocrite, the
wicked, and the ungodly. They will, indeed, see the fruits of heartreligion,
but they will not eat of them. We will never know the full
value of heart-religion until the last day. Then, and only then, will we
fully understand how much better it is to have the praise of God than
the praise of man.
If you take up heart-religion I cannot promise you the praise of man.
Pardon, peace, hope, guidance, comfort, consolation, grace according
to your need, strength according to your day, joy which the world can
neither give nor take away--all this I can boldly promise to the man
who comes to Christ, and serves Him with his heart. But I cannot
promise him that his religion will be popular with man. I would
rather warn him to expect mockery and ridicule, slander and
unkindness, opposition and persecution. There is a cross belonging
to heart-religion, and we must be content to carry it. "We must go
through many hardships to enter the kingdom of God,"--"Everyone
who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted" (Acts
14:22; 2 Timothy 3:12). But if the world hates you, God will love you.
If the world forsakes you, Christ has promised that He will never
forsake and never fail. Whatever you may lose by heart-religion, be
sure that the praise of God will make up for it.
And now I close this paper with three plain words of application. I
want it to strike and stick to the conscience of every one into whose
hands it falls. May God make it a blessing to many a soul both in
time and eternity!
(1) In the first place, Is your religion a matter of form and not of
heart? Answer this question honestly, and as in the sight of God. If it
is, "consider solemnly the immense danger in which you stand."
You have got nothing to comfort your soul in the day of trial, nothing
to give you hope on your death-bed, nothing to save you at the last
day. Formal religion never took any man to heaven. Like cheap
metal, it will not stand the fire. Continuing in your present state you
are in imminent danger of being lost forever.
I earnestly beseech you this day to be aware of your danger, to open
your eyes and repent. Whether you go to a fancy big city church or to
a plain small church in the country, if you are a Christian in name
only, and possess a form of godliness without the power, awake and
repent. Awake, above all, if you are an Evangelical formalist. "There
is no devil," said the quaint old Puritans, "like a white devil." There is
no formalism so dangerous as Evangelical formalism.
I can only warn you. I do so with all affection. God alone can apply
the warning to your soul. Oh, that you would see the folly as well as
the danger of a heartless Christianity! It was sound advice which a
dying man once gave to his son: "Son," he said, "whatever religion
you have, never be content with wearing a cloak."
(2) In the second place, if your heart condemns you, and you wish to
know what to do, "consider seriously the only course that you can safely take."
Cry out to the Lord Jesus Christ without delay, and spread before
Him the state of your soul. Confess before Him your formalism of the
past, and ask Him to forgive it. Seek from Him the promised grace of
the Holy Spirit, and beg Him to quicken and renew your inward man.
The Lord Jesus is appointed and commissioned to be the Physician
of man's soul. There is no case too hard for Him. There is no
condition of soul that He cannot cure. There is no devil He cannot
cast out. Seared and hardened as the heart of a formalist may be,
there is medicine which can heal him, and a Physician who is mighty
to save. Go and call on the Lord Jesus Christ this very day. "Ask and
it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will
be opened to you" (Luke 11:9).
(3) In the last place, if your heart does not condemn you, and you
have real well-grounded confidence towards God, "consider seriously
the many responsibilities of your position."
Praise Him daily who has called you out of darkness into light, and
made you to be different. Praise Him daily, and ask Him never to
forsake the work of His own hands.
Watch with a jealous watchfulness every part of your inward man.
Formalism is ever ready to come in upon us, like the Egyptian plague
of frogs, which even went into the king's bedroom. Watch and be on
your guard. Watch over your Bible-reading, your praying, your
temper and your tongue, your family life and your Sunday religion.
There is nothing so good and spiritual that we may not fall into
formal habits about it. There is no one so spiritual that cannot fall
into formalism. Watch, therefore, and be on your guard.
Look forward, finally, and hope for the coming of the Lord. Your best
things are yet to come. The second coming of Christ will soon be
here. The time of temptation will soon be past and gone. The
judgment and reward of the saints shall soon make amends for
everything. Rest in the hope of that day. Work, watch, and look
forward--One thing, at any rate, that day will make abundantly clear.
It will show that there was never an hour in our lives in which we had
our hearts too thoroughly focused on Christ.
"Having a form of godliness but denying its power."--2 Timothy
3:5
"A man is not a Jew if he is only one outwardly, nor is circumcision
merely outward and physical." "No, a man is a Jew if he is one
inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart, by the Spirit,
not by the written code. Such a man's praise is not from men, but
from God." Romans 2:28-29
The texts which head this paper deserve serious attention at any
time. But they deserve special notice in this age of the Church and
the world. Never since the Lord Jesus Christ left the earth, was there
so much formalism and false profession as there is in the present
day. Now, more than ever, we ought to examine ourselves, and
search our religion, that we may know what sort it really is. Let us try
to find out whether our Christianity is a thing of form or a thing of
heart.
I know of no better way of unfolding the subject than by turning to a
plain passage of the Word of God. Let us listen to what Paul says
about it. He lays down the following great principles in his Epistle to
the Romans: "A man is not a Jew if he is only one outwardly, nor is
circumcision merely outward and physical. No, a man is a Jew if he is
one inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart, by the
Spirit, not by the written code. Such a man's praise is not from men,
but from God" (Romans 2:28-29). Three most instructive lessons
appear to me to stand out on the face of that passage. Let us see what
they are.
I. We learn, first, that formal religion is not true religion, and a
formal Christian is not a true Christian in God's sight.
II. We learn, secondly, that the heart is the seat of true religion, and
that the true Christian is the Christian in heart.
III. We learn, thirdly, that true religion must never expect to be
popular. It will not have the "praise of man, but praise from God."
Let us thoroughly consider these great principles. Two hundred years
have passed away since a mighty Puritan preacher said, "Formalism,
formalism, formalism is the great sin of this day, under which the
whole country groans. There is more light than there was, but less
life; more profession, but less holiness." (Thomas Hall, on 2 Timothy
3:5, 1658). What would this good man have said if he lived in our times?
I. We learn first, that "formal religion is not religion, and a formal
Christian is not a Christian in God's sight."
What do I mean when I speak of formal religion? This is a point that
must be made clear. Thousands, I suspect, know nothing about it.
Without a distinct understanding of this point my whole paper will
be useless. My first step will be to paint, describe, and define.
When a man is a Christian in name only, and not in reality--in
outward things only, and not in his inward feelings--in profession
only, and not in practice--when his Christianity in short is a mere
matter of form, or fashion, or custom, without any influence on his
heart or life- -in such a case as this the man has what I call a "formal
religion." He possesses indeed the "form," or shell, or surface of
religion, but he does not possess its substance or its "power."
Look for example at those thousands of people whose whole religion
seems to consist in keeping religious ceremonies and ordinances.
They regularly attend public worship. They regularly go to the Lord's
Table. But they never get any further. They know nothing of true
heartfelt Christianity. They are not familiar with the Scriptures, and
take no delight in reading them. They do not separate themselves
from the ways of the world. They draw no distinction between
godliness and ungodliness in their friendships, or matrimonial
alliances. They care little or nothing about the distinctive doctrines of
the Gospel. They appear utterly indifferent as to what they hear
preached. You may be in their presence for weeks, and from what
you hear or see on any week day, you might easily assume they were
atheists. What can be said about these people? They clearly profess
to be Christians; and yet there is neither heart nor life in their
Christianity. There is but one thing to be said about them--they are
formal Christians. Their religion is only a FORM.
Look in another direction at those hundreds of people whose religion
seems to consist of a lot of talk and profession. They know the theory
of the Gospel with their heads, and profess to delight in Evangelical
doctrine. They can say a lot about the "soundness" of their own
views, and the "ignorance" of all who disagree with them. But they
never get any further! When you examine their inner lives you find
that they know nothing of practical godliness. They are neither
truthful, nor loving, nor humble, nor honest, nor kind, nor gentle,
nor giving, nor honorable. What shall we say of these people? They
claim to be Christians, and yet there is neither substance nor fruit in
their Christianity. There is but one thing to be said--They are formal
Christians. Their religion is only an empty FORM.
Such is the formal religion against which I wish to raise a warning
voice this day. Here is the rock on which multitudes of people from
every part of the world are making catastrophic shipwreck of their
souls. One of the wickedest things that was ever said was this: "Don't
worry about your religion, but only the appearance of it."
Such notions are from the earth. No, rather they are from beneath
the earth: they smell of the pit. Beware of them, and stand on your
guard. If there is anything about which the Scripture speaks
expressly, it is the sin and uselessness of FORMALISM.
Listen to what Paul tells the Romans: "A man is not a Jew if he is
only one outwardly, nor is circumcision merely outward and
physical" (Romans 2:28). These are strong words indeed! A man
might be a son of Abraham according to the flesh--a member of one
of the twelve tribes-- circumcised the eighth day--a keeper of all the
feasts--a regular worshipper in the temple--and yet in God's sight not
be a Jew! In the same way, a man may be a Christian by outward
profession--a member of a Christian Church--baptized with Christian
baptism--faithful in receiving the Lord's Supper--and yet in God's
sight, not a Christian at all.
Hear what the prophet Isaiah says: "Listen to the Lord, you leaders
of Israel! Listen to the law of our God, people of Israel. You act just
like the rulers and people of Sodom and Gomorrah. "I am sick of
your sacrifices," says the Lord. "Don't bring me any more burnt
offerings! I don't want the fat from your rams or other animals. I
don't want to see the blood from your offerings of bulls and rams and
goats. Why do you keep parading through my courts with your
worthless sacrifices? The incense you bring me is a stench in my
nostrils! Your celebrations of the new moon and the Sabbath day,
and your special days for fasting—even your most pious meetings—
are all sinful and false. I want nothing more to do with them. I hate
all your festivals and sacrifices. I cannot stand the sight of them!
From now on, when you lift up your hands in prayer, I will refuse to
look. Even though you offer many prayers, I will not listen. For your
hands are covered with the blood of your innocent victims. Isaiah 1:10-15
These words, when examined, are extraordinary. The sacrifices
which are here declared to be useless were appointed by God
Himself! The feasts and ordinances which God says He "hates," had
been prescribed by Him! God Himself pronounces His own
institutions to be useless when they are used formally and without
heart in the worshipper! In fact, they are worse than useless; they are
even offensive and hurtful. Words cannot be imagined more distinct
and unmistakable. They show that formal religion is worthless in
God's sight. It is not worth calling it religion at all.
Hear, lastly what our Lord Jesus Christ says. We find Him saying of
the Jews of His day: "These people honor me with their lips, but their
hearts are far from me. They worship me in vain; their teachings are
but rules taught by men" (Matthew 15:8-9). We see Him repeatedly
denouncing the formalism and hypocrisy of the scribes and
Pharisees, and warning His disciples against it. Eight times in one
chapter (Matthew 23:13) He says to them, "Woe to you, teachers of
the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites!" But for the worst of sinners
He always had a word of kindness, and held out to them an open
door. But formalism, He would have us know, is a desperate disease,
and must be exposed in the severest language. To the eye of an
ignorant man a formalist may seem to have a very decent "quantity"
of religion, though not perhaps of the best "quality." In the eye of
Christ, however, the case is very different. In His sight formalism is
not a true religion at all.
What shall we say to these testimonies of Scripture? It would be easy
to add to them. They do not stand alone. If words mean anything,
they are a clear warning to all who profess and call themselves
Christians. They teach us plainly that as we dread sin and avoid sin,
so we ought to dread formalism and avoid formalism. Formalism
may take your hand with a smile, and look like a brother, while sin
comes against us with drawn sword, and strikes at us like an enemy.
But both have one end in view. Both want to ruin our souls; and of
the two, formalism is the one most likely to do it. If we love life, let us
beware of formalism in religion.
Nothing is "so common." It is one of the great family diseases of the
whole race of mankind. It is born with us, grows with us, and is never
completely cast out of us till we die. It meets us in church, it meets us
among the rich, and it meets us among the poor. It meets us among
educated people, and it meets us among the uneducated. It meets us
among the Roman Catholics, and it meets us among Protestants. It
meets us among the leaders of the church, and it meets us among the
newest member. It meets us among Evangelicals, and it meets us
among those who go through many rituals, like the Liberals do. Go
wherever we will, and join whatever Church we may, we are never
beyond the risk of its infection. We will find it among Quakers and
Plymouth Brethren, as well as among the Roman Catholics. The man
who thinks that there is no formal religion in his church, is a very
blind and ignorant person. If you love life, beware of formalism.
Nothing is "so dangerous" to a man's own soul. Familiarity with the
form of religion, while we neglect its reality, has a fearfully
deadening effect on the conscience. It brings up by degrees a thick
crust of insensibility over the whole inner man. None seem to
become so desperately hard as those who are continually repeating
holy words and handling holy things, while their hearts are running
after sin and the world. Leaders of our society, who go to church just
for show, to make everyone think they are religious--Fathers who
have family prayers formally, to keep up a good appearance in their
homes--unconverted ministers, who every week are reading prayers
and lessons of Scripture, in which they feel no real interest--
unconverted church members, who are constantly reading responses
and saying "Amen," without feeling what they say--unconverted
singers, who sing the most spiritual hymns every Sunday, merely
because they have good voices, while their affections are entirely on
things below--all, all, all are in awful danger. They are gradually
hardening their hearts, and searing the skin of their consciences. If
you love your own soul, beware of formalism.
Nothing, finally, is "so foolish," senseless, and unreasonable. Can a
formal Christian really suppose that the mere outward Christianity
he professes will comfort him in the day of sickness and the hour of
death? That is impossible. A painting of a fire cannot warm, and a
painted banquet cannot satisfy hunger, and a formal religion cannot
bring peace to the soul. Can he suppose that God does not see the
heartlessness and deadness of his Christianity? Though he may
deceive neighbors, acquaintances, fellow-worshippers, and ministers
with a form of godliness, does he think that he can deceive God? The
very idea is absurd. "Does He who formed the eye not see?" He
knows the very secrets of the heart. He will "judge the secrets of
men" at the last day. He who said to each of the seven Churches, "I
know your works," is not changed. He who said to the man without
the wedding garment, "Friend, how did you get in here?" will not be
deceived by a little cloak of outward religion. If you don't want to be
put to shame at the last day, once more I say, beware of formalism.
(Psalm 94:9; Romans 2:16; Revelation 2:2; Matthew 22:11)
II. I move on to the second thing which I want you to consider. "The
heart is the seat of true religion, and the true Christian is the one
who is a Christian in their heart."
The heart is the real test of a man's character. It is not what he says
or what he does by which the man may be always known. He may say
and do things that are right, from false and unworthy motives, while
his heart is altogether wrong. The heart is the man. "As he thinks in
his heart, so he is" (Proverbs 23:7).
The heart is the right test of a man's religion. It is not enough that a
man holds to correct doctrine, and maintains a proper outward form
of godliness. What is in his heart? That is the great question. That is
what God looks at. "Man looks at the outward appearance, but the
Lord looks at the heart" (1 Samuel 16:7). This is what Paul lays down
distinctly as the standard measure of the soul: "A man is a Jew if he
is one inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart"
(Romans 2:28). Who can doubt that this mighty sentence was
written for Christians as well as for Jews? He is a Christian, the
apostle would have us know, which is one inwardly, and baptism is
that of the heart.
The heart is the place where saving religion must begin. It is
naturally irreligious, and must be renewed by the Holy Spirit. "I will
give you a new heart," your old heart is naturally hard, and must be
made tender and be broken. "I will remove from you your heart of
stone and give you a heart of flesh." "The sacrifices of God are a
broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart." Man's heart is a heart
naturally closed and shut against God, and must be opened. The
Lord "opened the heart" of Lydia. (Ezekiel 36:26; Psalm 51:17; Acts
16:14)
The heart is the seat of true saving faith. "For it is with your heart
that you believe and are justified" (Romans 10:10). A man may
believe that Jesus is the Christ, as the demons do, and yet remain in
his sins. He may believe that he is a sinner, and that Christ is the
only Savior, and occasionally wish that he was a better man. But no
one ever lays hold of Christ, and receives pardon and peace, until he
believes with the heart. It is heart-faith that justifies.
The heart is the origin of true holiness and the source for continued
obedience. True Christians are holy because their hearts are
committed to Christ. They obey from the heart. They do the will of
God from the heart. Weak, and feeble, and imperfect as all their
deeds are, they please God, because they are done from a loving
heart. He who commended the widow's offering of a few pennies
more than all the offerings of the wealthy Jews, regards quality far
more than quantity. What He likes to see is a thing done from "an
honest and good heart" (Luke 8:15). There is no real holiness without
a right heart towards Christ.
The things I am saying may sound strange. Perhaps they run counter
to all the notions of some into whose hands this paper may fall.
Perhaps you have thought that if a man's religion is correct
outwardly, he must be one with whom God is well pleased. You are
completely mistaken. You are rejecting the whole tenor of Bible
teaching. Outward correctness without a right heart is neither more
or less than living like a Pharisee. The outward things of Christianity-
-Baptism, the Lord's Supper, Church-membership, giving, Biblereading,
and the like-- will never take any man's soul to heaven,
unless his heart is right. There must be inward things as well as
outward--and it is on the inward things that God's eyes are chiefly fixed.
Hear how Paul teaches us about this matter in three most striking texts:
"Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing. Keeping
God's commands is what counts" (1 Corinthians 7:19).
"Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what
counts is a new creation" (Galatians 6:15).
"In Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any
value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through
love" (Galatians 5:6).
Did the Apostle only mean in these texts, that circumcision was no
longer needed under the Gospel? Was that all? No indeed! I believe
that he meant much more. He meant that under Christ Jesus,
everything depended on being born again--on having true saving
faith--on being holy in life and conduct. He meant that these are the
things we ought to look at chiefly, and not outward forms. "Am I a
new creature? Do I really believe in Christ? Am I a holy person?"
These are the grand questions that we must seek to answer.
"When the heart is wrong all is wrong in God's sight." Many right
things may be done. The forms and ordinances which God Himself
has appointed may seem to be honored. But so long as the heart is at
fault, God is not pleased. He will have man's heart or nothing.
The ark was the most sacred thing in the Jewish tabernacle. On it
was the mercy-seat. Within it were the tablets of the law, written by
God's own finger. The High Priest alone was allowed to go into the
place where it was kept, within the veil, and that only once every
year. The presence of the ark within the camp was thought to bring a
special blessing. And yet this very ark could do the Israelites no more
good than any common wooden box, when they trusted in it like an
idol, with their hearts full of wickedness. They brought it into the
camp, on a special occasion, saying, "Let us bring the ark of the
Lord's covenant from Shiloh, so that it may go with us and save us
from the hand of our enemies" (1 Samuel 4:3). When it came into the
camp they showed it all reverence and honor, "They shouted with
such a great shout that the ground shook." But it was all in vain. They
were slaughtered by the Philistines, and the ark of God was captured.
And why was this? It was because their religion was a mere form.
They honored the ark, but did not give the God of the ark their
hearts.
There were some kings of Judah and Israel who did many things that
were right in God's sight, and yet were never written in the list of
godly and righteous men. Rehoboam started off well, and for three
years was noted as, "walking in the ways of David and Solomon" (2
Chronicles 11:17). But afterwards "he did evil because he had not set
his heart on seeking the Lord" (2 Chronicles 12:14). Abijah, according
to the book of Chronicles, said many things that were right, and
fought successfully against Jeroboam. Nevertheless, the general
verdict is against him. We read, in Kings, that "his `heart' was not
fully devoted to the Lord his God" (1 Kings 15:3). Amaziah, we are
expressly told, "did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, but not
wholeheartedly" (2 Chronicles 25:2). Jehu, King of Israel, was raised
up, by God's command, to put down idolatry. He was a man of
special zeal in doing God's work. But unhappily it is written of him:
"Jehu was not careful to keep the law of the LORD, the God of Israel,
with all his heart. He did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam,
which he had caused Israel to commit" (2 Kings 10:31). In short, one
general remark applies to all these kings. They were all wrong
inwardly, they were rotten in their hearts.
There are places of worship in our country today where all the
outward things of religion are done to perfection. The building is
beautiful. The service is beautiful. The singing is beautiful. The forms
of devotion are beautiful. There is everything to gratify the senses.
Eye, and ear, and natural sentimentality are all pleased. But all this
time God is not pleased. One thing is lacking, and the want of that
one thing spoils everything. What is that one thing? It is heart! God
sees under all this outward show, the form of religion, put in the
place of substance, and when He sees that He is displeased. He sees
nothing with an eye of favor in the building, the service, the minister,
or the people. If He does not see converted, renewed, broken,
penitent hearts, then He is not pleased! Bowed heads, bended knees,
loud amens, eyes lifted to heaven, all, all are nothing in God's sight
without right hearts.
"When the heart is right God can look over many things that are
defective." There may be faults in judgment, and weakness in
practice. There may be many deviations from the best course in the
outward things of religion. But if the heart is sound, God is gentle in
pointing out that which is amiss. He is merciful and gracious, and
will pardon much that is imperfect, when he sees a true heart and a
eye fixed on His glory.
Jehoshaphat and Asa were Kings of Judah, who were defective in
many things. Jehoshaphat was a timid, irresolute man, who did not
know how to say "No," and joined affinity with Ahab, the wickedest
king that ever reigned over Israel. Asa was an unstable man, who at
one time trusted in the King of Syria more than in God, and at
another time was angry with God's prophet for rebuking him. (2
Chronicles 16:10) Yet both of them had one great redeeming point in
their characters. With all their faults they had right "hearts."
The Passover kept by Hezekiah was one at which there were many
irregularities. The proper forms were not kept by many. They ate the
Passover "contrary to what was written." But they did it with true
and honest "hearts." And we read that Hezekiah prayed for them,
saying, "May the LORD, who is good, pardon everyone who sets his
heart on seeking God--the LORD, the God of his fathers--even if he is
not clean according to the rules of the sanctuary" (2 Chronicles
30:18-19).
The Passover kept by Josiah must have been far smaller and worse
attended than the numerous Passovers in the days of David and
Solomon, or even in the reign of Jehoshaphat and Hezekiah. How
then can we account for the strong language used in Scripture about
it? "The Passover had not been observed like this in Israel since the
days of the prophet Samuel; and none of the kings of Israel had ever
celebrated such a Passover as did Josiah, with the priests, the Levites
and all Judah and Israel who were there with the people of
Jerusalem" (2 Chronicles 35:18). There is but one explanation. There
never was a Passover at which the "hearts" of the worshippers were
so truly in the feast. The Lord does not look at the quantity of
worshippers so much as the quality. The glory of Josiah's Passover
was the state of people's hearts.
There are many assemblies of Christian worshippers on earth this
very day in which there is literally nothing to attract the natural man.
They meet in miserable dirty so-called chapels, or in wretched upper rooms and cellars.
They sing off tune. They have feeble prayers and
feeble sermons. And yet the Holy Spirit is often in the midst of them!
Sinners are often converted in them, and the Kingdom of God
prospers far more than in any Roman Catholic Cathedral, or than in
any gorgeous Protestant Churches. How is this? How can it be
explained? The cause is simply this, that in these humble assemblies
heart-religion is taught and held. Heart-work is aimed at. Heart work is honored.
And the consequence is that God is pleased and grants His blessing.
I leave this part of my subject here. I ask my readers to consider
carefully the things that I have been saying. I believe that they will
bear examination, and are all true. Resolve this day, whatever
Church you belong to, to be a Christian in "heart." Do not be content
with a mere form of godliness, without the power. Settle it down
firmly in your mind that formal religion is not saving religion, and
that heart- religion is the only religion that leads to heaven.
I only give one word of caution. Do not suppose, because formal
religion will not save, that forms of religion are of no use at all.
Beware of any such senseless extreme. The misuse of a thing is no
argument against the right use of it. The blind idolatry of forms
which prevails in some quarters is no reason why you should throw
away all forms. The ark, when made an idol by Israel and put in the
place of God, was unable to save them from the Philistines, and when
irreverently and improperly handled, brought death on Uzza. And
yet the same ark, when honored and reverenced, brought a blessing
on the house of Obed-edom. The words of one of our pastors are
strong, but true: "He that has but a form of religion is a hypocrite;
but he that does not have a form of religion is an Atheist." Forms
cannot save us, but they are not therefore to be despised. A light is
not a man's home, and yet it is helps a man find his house when he is
traveling home on a dark night. Use the forms of Christianity
diligently, and you will find them a blessing. Only remember, in all
your use of forms, the great principle, that the first thing in religion
is the state of the heart.
III. I now come to the last thing which I want you to consider. "True
religion must never expect to be popular. It will not have the praise
of man, but of God."
I dare not turn away from this part of my subject, however painful it
may be. Anxious as I am to commend heart-religion to every one who
reads this paper, I will not try to conceal what heart-religion entails. I
will not gain a recruit for my Master's army under false pretenses. I
will not promise anything which the Scripture does not warrant. The
words of Paul are clear and unmistakable. Heart-religion is a religion
whose "praise is not from men, but from God" (Romans 2:29).
God's truth and Scriptural Christianity are never really popular. They
never have been. They never will be as long as the world stands. No
one can calmly consider what human nature is, as described in the
Bible, and reasonably expect anything else. As long as man is what
man is, the majority of mankind will always like a religion of form far
better than a religion of heart.
Formal religion just suits an unenlightened conscience. Man must
have some religion. Atheism and downright unbelief, as a general
rule, are never very popular. But a man must have a religion which
does not require very much--trouble his heart very much--interfere
with his sins very much. Formal Christianity satisfies him. It seems
to be the thing that he wants.
Formal religion gratifies the secret self-righteousness of man. All of
us, more or less, are Pharisees. We all naturally cling to the idea that
the way to be saved is to do so many things, and go through so many
religious observances, and that as a result we will get to heaven.
Formalism meets us here. It seems to show us a way by which we can
make our own peace with God.
Formal religion pleases the natural laziness of man. It attaches an
excessive importance to that which is the easiest part of Christianity-
-the shell and the form. Man likes this. He hates exertion in religion.
He wants something which will not meddle with his conscience and
inner life. Only leave his conscience alone, and, it will want to do
works or actions. Formalism seems to open a wider gate, and a more
easy way to heaven.
Facts speak louder than assertions. Facts are stubborn things. Look
over the history of religion in every age of the world, and observe
what has always been popular. Look at the history of Israel from the
beginning of Exodus to the end of the Acts of the Apostles, and see
what has always found favor.
Formalism was one main sin against
which the Old Testament prophets were continually protesting.
Formalism was the great plague which had overcome the Jews, when
our Lord Jesus Christ came into the world. Look at the history of the
Church of Christ after the days of the apostles. How soon formalism
ate out the life and vitality of the primitive Christians! Look at the
middle ages, as they are called.
Formalism so completely covered the
face of Christendom that the Gospel laid there as one does when they
are dead. Look, lastly, at the history of Protestant Churches in the
last three centuries. How few are the places where religion is a living
thing! How many are the countries where Protestantism is nothing
more than a form! There is no getting past these things. They speak
with a voice of thunder. They all show that formal religion is a
popular thing. It has the praise of man.
But why should we look at facts in history?
Why shouldn't we look at the facts under our own eyes, and by our own doors?
Can any one deny that a mere outward religion, a religion of downright
formalism, is the religion which is popular today? Is it for nothing
that John says of certain false teachers, "They are from the world and
therefore speak from the viewpoint of the world, and the world
listens to them" (1 John 4:5). Only say your prayers, and go to church
regularly, and receive the Lord's Supper occasionally, read your Bible
occasionally, and the vast majority of our nation will call you a good
Christian person. "What more would you have to do?" they say: "If
this is not Christianity, what is?" To require more of anyone is
thought to be unfair, fanaticism and to be too enthusiastic! To
insinuate that such a man as this may not go to heaven is called
unloving! It is vain to deny that formal religion is popular. It is
popular. It always was popular. It always will be popular till Christ
comes again. It always has had and always will have the "praise of
man."
Turn now to the religion of the heart, and you will hear a very
different report. As a general rule it has never been liked by
mankind. It has brought upon its professors laughter, ridicule, scorn,
contempt, seclusion, imprisonment and even death. Its lovers have
been faithful and zealous--but they have always been few in number.
It has never had, comparatively, "the praise of man."
Heart-religion is too humbling to be popular. It leaves natural man
no room to boast. It tells him that he is a guilty, lost, hell-deserving
sinner, and that he must flee to Christ for salvation. It tells him that
he is dead, and must be made alive again, and born of the Spirit. The
pride of man rebels against such words as these. He hates to be told
that he is that bad.
Heart-religion is too holy to be popular. It will not leave natural man
alone. It interferes with his worldliness and his sins. It requires of
him things that he hates and despises--conversion, faith, repentance,
spiritual-mindedness, Bible-reading, and prayer. It commands him
to give up what he loves and clings to, and refuses to lay aside. It
would be strange indeed if he liked it. It crosses his path as a kill-joy
and a troublemaker, and it is absurd to expect that he will be pleased
with it.
Was heart-religion popular in Old Testament times? We find David
complaining: "Those who sit at the gate mock me, and I am the song
of the drunkards" (Psalm 69:12). We find the prophets persecuted
and ill- treated because they preached against sin, and required men
to give their hearts to God. Elijah, Micaiah, Jeremiah, Amos, are all
cases in point. To formalism and ceremonialism the Jews never seem
to have made objection. What they disliked was serving God with
their hearts.
Was heart-religion popular in New Testament times? The whole
history of our Lord Jesus Christ's ministry and the lives of His
apostles are a sufficient answer. The scribes and Pharisees would
have willingly received a Messiah who encouraged formalism, and a
Gospel which exalted ceremonialism. But they could not tolerate a
religion of which the first principals were humiliation and
sanctification of the heart.
Has heart-religion ever been popular in the professing Church of
Christ during the last eighteen centuries? Hardly ever, except in the
early centuries when the primitive Church had not left her first love.
Soon, very soon, the men who protested against formalism and
sacramentalism were fiercely denounced as "troublers of Israel."
Long before the Reformation, things came to this, that anyone who
preached heart- holiness and condemned formalism was treated as a
common enemy. He was either silenced, excommunicated,
imprisoned, or put to death like John Huss. In the time of the
Reformation itself, the work of Luther and his companions was
carried on under an incessant storm of defamation and slander. And
what was the cause? It was because they protested against
formalism, ceremonialism, the false Roman Catholic Priesthood,
monks, and taught the necessity of heart-religion.
Has heart-religion ever been popular in our own country in the past?
Never, excepting for a little season. It was not popular in the days of
Queen Mary, when Latimer and his fellow-martyrs were burned at
the stake. It was not popular in the days, when to be a Puritan was
worse than to be a drunkard or a blasphemer. It was not popular in
the middle of last century, when Wesley and Whitfield were shut out
of the established Church. The cause of our martyred Reformers, of
the early Puritans, and of the Methodists, was essentially one and the
same. They were all hated because they preached the uselessness of
formalism, and the impossibility of salvation without repentance,
faith, regeneration, spiritual-mindedness, and holiness of heart.
Is heart-religion popular in our country today? I answer sorrowfully
that I do not believe it is. Look at the followers of it among the
congregations. They are always comparatively few in number. They
stand alone in their respective congregations. They have put up with
many difficult things, harsh words, censure, harsh treatment,
laughter, ridicule, slander, and petty persecution. This is not
popularity! Look at the teachers of heart-religion in the pulpit. They
are loved and liked, no doubt, by the few hearers who agree with
them. They are sometimes admired for their talents and eloquence
by the many who do not agree with them. They are even called
"popular preachers," because of the crowds who listen to their
preaching. But none know so well as the faithful teachers of heart-
religion that few really like them. Few really help them. Few
sympathize with them. Few stand by them in any time of need. They
find, like their Divine Master, that they must work almost alone. I
write these things with sorrow, but I believe they are true. Real
heart-religion today, no less than in days gone by, does not have "the
praise of' man."
But after all it is not important what man thinks, and what man
praises. He that judges us is the Lord. Man will not judge us at the
last day. Man will not sit on the great white throne, examine our
religion, and pronounce our eternal sentence. Those only whom God
commends will be commended at the judgment seat of Christ. Here
lies the value and glory of heart-religion. It may not have the praise
of man, but it has "the praise of God."
God approves and honors heart-religion in this life. He looks down
from heaven, and reads the hearts of all the children of men.
Wherever He sees heart-repentance for sin, heart-faith in Christ,
heart-holiness of life, heart-love to His Son, His law, His will, and
His Word-- wherever God sees these things He is well pleased. He
writes a book of remembrance for that man, however poor and
uneducated he may be. He gives His angels special charge over Him.
He maintains in him the work of grace, and gives Him daily supplies
of peace, hope, and strength. He regards him as a member of His
own dear Son, as one who is witnessing for the truth, as His Son did.
Weak as the man's heart may seem to himself, it is the living sacrifice
which God loves, and the heart which He has solemnly declared He
will not despise. Such praise is worth more than the praise of man!
God will proclaim His approval of heart-religion before the
assembled world at the last day. He will command His angels to
gather together His saints, from every part of the globe, into one
glorious company. He will raise the dead and change the living, and
place them at the right hand of His beloved Son's throne. Then all
that have served Christ with the heart shall hear Him say, "Come,
you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the
kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. You have
been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many
things. Come and share your master's happiness! You acknowledged
me before men, and I will also acknowledge you before my Father
and His angels. You are those who have stood by me in my trials, and
I confer on you a kingdom, just as my Father conferred one on me"
(Matthew 25:21-34; Luke 22:8, 28-29; Revelation 3:5). These words
will be addressed to none but those who have given Christ their
hearts! They will not be addressed to the formalist, the hypocrite, the
wicked, and the ungodly. They will, indeed, see the fruits of heartreligion,
but they will not eat of them. We will never know the full
value of heart-religion until the last day. Then, and only then, will we
fully understand how much better it is to have the praise of God than
the praise of man.
If you take up heart-religion I cannot promise you the praise of man.
Pardon, peace, hope, guidance, comfort, consolation, grace according
to your need, strength according to your day, joy which the world can
neither give nor take away--all this I can boldly promise to the man
who comes to Christ, and serves Him with his heart. But I cannot
promise him that his religion will be popular with man. I would
rather warn him to expect mockery and ridicule, slander and
unkindness, opposition and persecution. There is a cross belonging
to heart-religion, and we must be content to carry it. "We must go
through many hardships to enter the kingdom of God,"--"Everyone
who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted" (Acts
14:22; 2 Timothy 3:12). But if the world hates you, God will love you.
If the world forsakes you, Christ has promised that He will never
forsake and never fail. Whatever you may lose by heart-religion, be
sure that the praise of God will make up for it.
And now I close this paper with three plain words of application. I
want it to strike and stick to the conscience of every one into whose
hands it falls. May God make it a blessing to many a soul both in
time and eternity!
(1) In the first place, Is your religion a matter of form and not of
heart? Answer this question honestly, and as in the sight of God. If it
is, "consider solemnly the immense danger in which you stand."
You have got nothing to comfort your soul in the day of trial, nothing
to give you hope on your death-bed, nothing to save you at the last
day. Formal religion never took any man to heaven. Like cheap
metal, it will not stand the fire. Continuing in your present state you
are in imminent danger of being lost forever.
I earnestly beseech you this day to be aware of your danger, to open
your eyes and repent. Whether you go to a fancy big city church or to
a plain small church in the country, if you are a Christian in name
only, and possess a form of godliness without the power, awake and
repent. Awake, above all, if you are an Evangelical formalist. "There
is no devil," said the quaint old Puritans, "like a white devil." There is
no formalism so dangerous as Evangelical formalism.
I can only warn you. I do so with all affection. God alone can apply
the warning to your soul. Oh, that you would see the folly as well as
the danger of a heartless Christianity! It was sound advice which a
dying man once gave to his son: "Son," he said, "whatever religion
you have, never be content with wearing a cloak."
(2) In the second place, if your heart condemns you, and you wish to
know what to do, "consider seriously the only course that you can safely take."
Cry out to the Lord Jesus Christ without delay, and spread before
Him the state of your soul. Confess before Him your formalism of the
past, and ask Him to forgive it. Seek from Him the promised grace of
the Holy Spirit, and beg Him to quicken and renew your inward man.
The Lord Jesus is appointed and commissioned to be the Physician
of man's soul. There is no case too hard for Him. There is no
condition of soul that He cannot cure. There is no devil He cannot
cast out. Seared and hardened as the heart of a formalist may be,
there is medicine which can heal him, and a Physician who is mighty
to save. Go and call on the Lord Jesus Christ this very day. "Ask and
it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will
be opened to you" (Luke 11:9).
(3) In the last place, if your heart does not condemn you, and you
have real well-grounded confidence towards God, "consider seriously
the many responsibilities of your position."
Praise Him daily who has called you out of darkness into light, and
made you to be different. Praise Him daily, and ask Him never to
forsake the work of His own hands.
Watch with a jealous watchfulness every part of your inward man.
Formalism is ever ready to come in upon us, like the Egyptian plague
of frogs, which even went into the king's bedroom. Watch and be on
your guard. Watch over your Bible-reading, your praying, your
temper and your tongue, your family life and your Sunday religion.
There is nothing so good and spiritual that we may not fall into
formal habits about it. There is no one so spiritual that cannot fall
into formalism. Watch, therefore, and be on your guard.
Look forward, finally, and hope for the coming of the Lord. Your best
things are yet to come. The second coming of Christ will soon be
here. The time of temptation will soon be past and gone. The
judgment and reward of the saints shall soon make amends for
everything. Rest in the hope of that day. Work, watch, and look
forward--One thing, at any rate, that day will make abundantly clear.
It will show that there was never an hour in our lives in which we had
our hearts too thoroughly focused on Christ.